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the Italian women

Толкование Перевод

1 Italia

Ītălĭa, ae, f. [for Vitalia from vitulus; cf. italos, from the abundance and excellence of its cattle; v. Gell. 11, 1, 1], Italy, Caes. B. C. 1, 6, 3; Verg. A. 1, 263; Plin. 3, 5, 6, § 38; 37, 13, 77, § 201 et saep.— In apposition: Italia terra, Cato ap. Gell. 3, 6.—
B.
Transf., the inhabitants of Italy:
totam Italiam esse effusam,
Cic. Deiot. 4, 11.—
II.
Derivv.
A.
Ītălĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Italy, Italian:
jus habere,
Plin. 3, 21, 25, § 139:
triticum,
id. 18, 7, 12, § 65:
genus falcium,
id. 18, 28, 67, § 261:
oppida,
Tac. A. 3, 71:
coloniae,
id. ib. 6, 12:
legio,
id. H. 1, 59:
de qua (olea) Catonis Italica sententia,
adapted to the climate of Italy, Plin. 17, 12, 19, § 93:
bellum,
the Social war, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 15:
Pythagorei, qui essent Italici philosophi quondam nominati,
id. de Sen. 21.— Subst.: Ītălĭcus, i, m., an Italian:
Italicus es an provincialis,
Plin. Ep. 9, 23; Liv. 24, 47.— Plur., Vell. 2, 16, 1. —
B.
Ītălis, ĭdis, adj. f., Italian:
ora,
Ov. P. 2, 3, 84:
matres,
Mart. 11, 53.— Subst. plur.: Ītălĭdes, the Italian women, Verg. A. 11, 657.—
C.
Ītălus, a, um, adj., Italian ( poet. and post-class.):
Italis longe disjungimur oris,
Verg. A. 1, 252:
terra,
id. ib. 7, 643:
virtus,
id. ib. 12, 827:
sermo,
the Latin language, Arn. 4, 134. —
2.
Subst.: Ĭtălus, i, m.
a.
An Italian, plur.: Itali [p. 1007] ac Latini, Auct. Har. Resp. 9, 9; Verg. A. 1, 109; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 71:
gentes Italum (Italorum),
Verg. A. 6, 92.—
b.
An ancient king of Italy, from whom the country is said to have taken its name, Verg. A. 7, 178; cf. Serv. Verg. A. 1, 2; 1, 533; Hyg. Fab. 127; cf. also Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 3.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Italia
2 Italicus

Ītălĭa, ae, f. [for Vitalia from vitulus; cf. italos, from the abundance and excellence of its cattle; v. Gell. 11, 1, 1], Italy, Caes. B. C. 1, 6, 3; Verg. A. 1, 263; Plin. 3, 5, 6, § 38; 37, 13, 77, § 201 et saep.— In apposition: Italia terra, Cato ap. Gell. 3, 6.—
B.
Transf., the inhabitants of Italy:
totam Italiam esse effusam,
Cic. Deiot. 4, 11.—
II.
Derivv.
A.
Ītălĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Italy, Italian:
jus habere,
Plin. 3, 21, 25, § 139:
triticum,
id. 18, 7, 12, § 65:
genus falcium,
id. 18, 28, 67, § 261:
oppida,
Tac. A. 3, 71:
coloniae,
id. ib. 6, 12:
legio,
id. H. 1, 59:
de qua (olea) Catonis Italica sententia,
adapted to the climate of Italy, Plin. 17, 12, 19, § 93:
bellum,
the Social war, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 15:
Pythagorei, qui essent Italici philosophi quondam nominati,
id. de Sen. 21.— Subst.: Ītălĭcus, i, m., an Italian:
Italicus es an provincialis,
Plin. Ep. 9, 23; Liv. 24, 47.— Plur., Vell. 2, 16, 1. —
B.
Ītălis, ĭdis, adj. f., Italian:
ora,
Ov. P. 2, 3, 84:
matres,
Mart. 11, 53.— Subst. plur.: Ītălĭdes, the Italian women, Verg. A. 11, 657.—
C.
Ītălus, a, um, adj., Italian ( poet. and post-class.):
Italis longe disjungimur oris,
Verg. A. 1, 252:
terra,
id. ib. 7, 643:
virtus,
id. ib. 12, 827:
sermo,
the Latin language, Arn. 4, 134. —
2.
Subst.: Ĭtălus, i, m.
a.
An Italian, plur.: Itali [p. 1007] ac Latini, Auct. Har. Resp. 9, 9; Verg. A. 1, 109; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 71:
gentes Italum (Italorum),
Verg. A. 6, 92.—
b.
An ancient king of Italy, from whom the country is said to have taken its name, Verg. A. 7, 178; cf. Serv. Verg. A. 1, 2; 1, 533; Hyg. Fab. 127; cf. also Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 3.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Italicus
3 Italides

Ītălĭa, ae, f. [for Vitalia from vitulus; cf. italos, from the abundance and excellence of its cattle; v. Gell. 11, 1, 1], Italy, Caes. B. C. 1, 6, 3; Verg. A. 1, 263; Plin. 3, 5, 6, § 38; 37, 13, 77, § 201 et saep.— In apposition: Italia terra, Cato ap. Gell. 3, 6.—
B.
Transf., the inhabitants of Italy:
totam Italiam esse effusam,
Cic. Deiot. 4, 11.—
II.
Derivv.
A.
Ītălĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Italy, Italian:
jus habere,
Plin. 3, 21, 25, § 139:
triticum,
id. 18, 7, 12, § 65:
genus falcium,
id. 18, 28, 67, § 261:
oppida,
Tac. A. 3, 71:
coloniae,
id. ib. 6, 12:
legio,
id. H. 1, 59:
de qua (olea) Catonis Italica sententia,
adapted to the climate of Italy, Plin. 17, 12, 19, § 93:
bellum,
the Social war, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 15:
Pythagorei, qui essent Italici philosophi quondam nominati,
id. de Sen. 21.— Subst.: Ītălĭcus, i, m., an Italian:
Italicus es an provincialis,
Plin. Ep. 9, 23; Liv. 24, 47.— Plur., Vell. 2, 16, 1. —
B.
Ītălis, ĭdis, adj. f., Italian:
ora,
Ov. P. 2, 3, 84:
matres,
Mart. 11, 53.— Subst. plur.: Ītălĭdes, the Italian women, Verg. A. 11, 657.—
C.
Ītălus, a, um, adj., Italian ( poet. and post-class.):
Italis longe disjungimur oris,
Verg. A. 1, 252:
terra,
id. ib. 7, 643:
virtus,
id. ib. 12, 827:
sermo,
the Latin language, Arn. 4, 134. —
2.
Subst.: Ĭtălus, i, m.
a.
An Italian, plur.: Itali [p. 1007] ac Latini, Auct. Har. Resp. 9, 9; Verg. A. 1, 109; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 71:
gentes Italum (Italorum),
Verg. A. 6, 92.—
b.
An ancient king of Italy, from whom the country is said to have taken its name, Verg. A. 7, 178; cf. Serv. Verg. A. 1, 2; 1, 533; Hyg. Fab. 127; cf. also Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 3.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Italides
4 Italis

Ītălĭa, ae, f. [for Vitalia from vitulus; cf. italos, from the abundance and excellence of its cattle; v. Gell. 11, 1, 1], Italy, Caes. B. C. 1, 6, 3; Verg. A. 1, 263; Plin. 3, 5, 6, § 38; 37, 13, 77, § 201 et saep.— In apposition: Italia terra, Cato ap. Gell. 3, 6.—
B.
Transf., the inhabitants of Italy:
totam Italiam esse effusam,
Cic. Deiot. 4, 11.—
II.
Derivv.
A.
Ītălĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Italy, Italian:
jus habere,
Plin. 3, 21, 25, § 139:
triticum,
id. 18, 7, 12, § 65:
genus falcium,
id. 18, 28, 67, § 261:
oppida,
Tac. A. 3, 71:
coloniae,
id. ib. 6, 12:
legio,
id. H. 1, 59:
de qua (olea) Catonis Italica sententia,
adapted to the climate of Italy, Plin. 17, 12, 19, § 93:
bellum,
the Social war, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 15:
Pythagorei, qui essent Italici philosophi quondam nominati,
id. de Sen. 21.— Subst.: Ītălĭcus, i, m., an Italian:
Italicus es an provincialis,
Plin. Ep. 9, 23; Liv. 24, 47.— Plur., Vell. 2, 16, 1. —
B.
Ītălis, ĭdis, adj. f., Italian:
ora,
Ov. P. 2, 3, 84:
matres,
Mart. 11, 53.— Subst. plur.: Ītălĭdes, the Italian women, Verg. A. 11, 657.—
C.
Ītălus, a, um, adj., Italian ( poet. and post-class.):
Italis longe disjungimur oris,
Verg. A. 1, 252:
terra,
id. ib. 7, 643:
virtus,
id. ib. 12, 827:
sermo,
the Latin language, Arn. 4, 134. —
2.
Subst.: Ĭtălus, i, m.
a.
An Italian, plur.: Itali [p. 1007] ac Latini, Auct. Har. Resp. 9, 9; Verg. A. 1, 109; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 71:
gentes Italum (Italorum),
Verg. A. 6, 92.—
b.
An ancient king of Italy, from whom the country is said to have taken its name, Verg. A. 7, 178; cf. Serv. Verg. A. 1, 2; 1, 533; Hyg. Fab. 127; cf. also Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 3.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Italis
5 Italus

Ītălĭa, ae, f. [for Vitalia from vitulus; cf. italos, from the abundance and excellence of its cattle; v. Gell. 11, 1, 1], Italy, Caes. B. C. 1, 6, 3; Verg. A. 1, 263; Plin. 3, 5, 6, § 38; 37, 13, 77, § 201 et saep.— In apposition: Italia terra, Cato ap. Gell. 3, 6.—
B.
Transf., the inhabitants of Italy:
totam Italiam esse effusam,
Cic. Deiot. 4, 11.—
II.
Derivv.
A.
Ītălĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Italy, Italian:
jus habere,
Plin. 3, 21, 25, § 139:
triticum,
id. 18, 7, 12, § 65:
genus falcium,
id. 18, 28, 67, § 261:
oppida,
Tac. A. 3, 71:
coloniae,
id. ib. 6, 12:
legio,
id. H. 1, 59:
de qua (olea) Catonis Italica sententia,
adapted to the climate of Italy, Plin. 17, 12, 19, § 93:
bellum,
the Social war, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 15:
Pythagorei, qui essent Italici philosophi quondam nominati,
id. de Sen. 21.— Subst.: Ītălĭcus, i, m., an Italian:
Italicus es an provincialis,
Plin. Ep. 9, 23; Liv. 24, 47.— Plur., Vell. 2, 16, 1. —
B.
Ītălis, ĭdis, adj. f., Italian:
ora,
Ov. P. 2, 3, 84:
matres,
Mart. 11, 53.— Subst. plur.: Ītălĭdes, the Italian women, Verg. A. 11, 657.—
C.
Ītălus, a, um, adj., Italian ( poet. and post-class.):
Italis longe disjungimur oris,
Verg. A. 1, 252:
terra,
id. ib. 7, 643:
virtus,
id. ib. 12, 827:
sermo,
the Latin language, Arn. 4, 134. —
2.
Subst.: Ĭtălus, i, m.
a.
An Italian, plur.: Itali [p. 1007] ac Latini, Auct. Har. Resp. 9, 9; Verg. A. 1, 109; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 71:
gentes Italum (Italorum),
Verg. A. 6, 92.—
b.
An ancient king of Italy, from whom the country is said to have taken its name, Verg. A. 7, 178; cf. Serv. Verg. A. 1, 2; 1, 533; Hyg. Fab. 127; cf. also Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 3.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Italus
6 servicio militar obligatorio

(n.) = conscription, compulsory military service, draft, the, military draft

Ex. The author recommends that USA libraries should build up collections of information on conscription into military service (the draft).

Ex. The Italian government has passed a new law abolishing compulsory military service in favour of the creation of a professional army.

Ex. Some librarians have found opposition to the setting up of 'alternative rooms' containing 'movement publications and trade books on women's and gay liberation, the third world, imperialism, yoga, rock music, the draft, prisons, the counter-culture, communes, social change'.

Ex. Military drafts are instated in countries throughout the world, both in times of war and in times of peace.

* * *

(n.) = conscription, compulsory military service, draft, the, military draft

Ex: The author recommends that USA libraries should build up collections of information on conscription into military service (the draft).

Ex: The Italian government has passed a new law abolishing compulsory military service in favour of the creation of a professional army.

Ex: Some librarians have found opposition to the setting up of 'alternative rooms' containing 'movement publications and trade books on women's and gay liberation, the third world, imperialism, yoga, rock music, the draft, prisons, the counter-culture, communes, social change'.

Ex: Military drafts are instated in countries throughout the world, both in times of war and in times of peace.

Spanish-English dictionary > servicio militar obligatorio
7 В-156

ВО ВКУСЕ PrepP Invar the resulting PrepP is subj-compl with copula or nonagreeing modif)
1. \В-156 чьём, кого ( subj: any noun) (a person or thing is) appealing to s.o., suited to s.o. 's preferences

X в Y-овом вкусе » X is to Y' taste (liking)
X suits Yb taste X suits (pleases) Y's fancy X suits Yfine.
«Обе женщины одна другой лучше, обе мировой стандарт и обе в моем вкусе» (Искандер 2) "The women are one prettier than the other, both world-class, and both to my taste" (2a).

2. - кого-чегОу каком ( subj: usu. concr or abstr
also used as adv
( sth. is, is done etc) in a certain (as specified by the context) mode, in a manner characteristic of a well-known writer, architect etc, or some movement, trend etc

in the style (manner) of
in the AdjP style (manner, fashion) like that (those) of (in) (in limited contexts) along the lines of on the order of (as modif only) a la (of a suit, dress etc) of AdjP cut.
Подъезжая к Арбатову, он не мог не любоваться чистыми и весёлыми избами крестьян и каменным господским домом, выстроенным во вкусе английских замков (Пушкин 1). Approaching Arbatovo, he could not help admiring the peasants' clean and cheerful cottages and the landlord's stone house, built in the style of an English castle (1a). Approaching Arbatovo, he could not but admire the clean and cheerful-looking peasants' cottages and the big stone house, built along the lines of an English castle (1b).

Усадьба, в которой жила Анна Сергеевна, стояла на пологом открытом холме, в недальнем расстоянии от жёлтой каменной церкви с зелёною крышей, белыми колоннами и живописью al fresco над главным входом, представлявшею «Воскресение Христово» в «итальянском» вкусе (Тургенев 2). Anna Sergeyevna's country house stood on the slope of a bare hill not far from a yellow stone church with a green roof, white columns, and a fresco over the main entrance representing the Resurrection of Christ in the "Italian" style (2c).

Да разве это не поэма?.. Слабоумный идиот Смердяков, преображённый в какого-то байроновского героя, мстящего обществу за свою незаконнорожденность, -разве это не поэма в байроновском вкусе?» (Достоевский 2). "Is this not a poem?...The feebleminded idiot Smerdyakov, transformed into some sort of Byronic hero revenging himself upon society for his illegitimate birth—is this not a poem in the Byronic fashion?" (2a).

(Астров:) Здесь есть лесничество, полуразрушенные усадьбы во вкусе Тургенева... (Чехов 3). (A.:) We've the forest reservation and the tumble-down country houses and gardens like those in Hirgenev (3c).

Павел Петрович присел к столу. На нём был изящный утренний, в английском вкусе, костюм... (Тургенев 2). Pavel Petrovich sat down at the table. He was wearing an elegant morning suit of English cut... (2f).

Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > В-156
8 во вкусе

• ВО ВКУСЕ

[PrepP; Invar; the resulting PrepP is subj-compl with copula or nonagreeing modif]

=====

1. во вкусе чьём, кого [subj: any noun]

⇒ (a person or thing is) appealing to s.o., suited to s.o.'s preferences:

- X в Y-овом вкусе≈ X is to Y's taste (liking);

- X suits Y's taste;

- X suits (pleases) Y's fancy;

- X suits Y fine.

     ♦ "Обе женщины одна другой лучше, обе мировой стандарт и обе в моем вкусе" (Искандер 2) "The women are one prettier than the other, both world-class, and both to my taste" (2a).

2. во вкусе кого-чего, каком [subj: usu. concr or abstr; also used as adv]

⇒ (sth. is, is done etc) in a certain (as specified by the context) mode, in a manner characteristic of a well-known writer, architect etc, or some movement, trend etc:

- in the style (manner) of;

- in the [AdjP] style (manner, fashion);

- like that (those) of (in);

- [in limited contexts] along the lines of;

- on the order of;

- [as modif only] a la;

- [of a suit, dress etc] of [AdjP] cut.

     ♦ Подъезжая к Арбатову, он не мог не любоваться чистыми и весёлыми избами крестьян и каменным господским домом, выстроенным во вкусе английских замков (Пушкин 1). Approaching Arbatovo, he could not help admiring the peasants' clean and cheerful cottages and the landlord's stone house, built in the style of an English castle (1a). Approaching Arbatovo, he could not but admire the clean and cheerful-looking peasants' cottages and the big stone house, built along the lines of an English castle (1b).

     ♦ Усадьба, в которой жила Анна Сергеевна, стояла на пологом открытом холме, в недальнем расстоянии от жёлтой каменной церкви с зелёною крышей, белыми колоннами и живописью al fresco над главным входом, представлявшею "Воскресение Христово" в "итальянском" вкусе( Тургенев 2). Anna Sergeyevna's country house stood on the slope of a bare hill not far from a yellow stone church with a green roof, white columns, and a fresco over the main entrance representing the Resurrection of Christ in the "Italian" style (2c).

     ♦ "Да разве это не поэма?.. Слабоумный идиот Смердяков, преображённый в какого-то байроновского героя, мстящего обществу за свою незаконнорождённость, - разве это не поэма в байроновском вкусе?" (Достоевский 2). "Is this not a poem?...The feebleminded idiot Smerdyakov, transformed into some sort of Byronic hero revenging himself upon society for his illegitimate birth-is this not a poem in the Byronic fashion?" (2a).

     ♦ [Астров:] Здесь есть лесничество, полуразрушенные усадьбы во вкусе Тургенева... (Чехов 3). [A.:] We've the forest reservation and the tumble-down country houses and gardens like those in Tlirgenev (3c).

     ♦ Павел Петрович присел к столу. На нём был изящный утренний, в английском вкусе, костюм... (Тургенев 2). Pavel Petrovich sat down at the table. He was wearing an elegant morning suit of English cut... (2f).

Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > во вкусе
9 ocupación

f.

1 occupation, chore, profession, task.

2 occupancy, tenure.

3 sit-in, protest.

* * *

ocupación

► nombre femenino

1 (llenado) occupation

■ la ocupación hotelera en agosto superó el 82% hotels were 82% full in August

2 MILITAR occupation

3 (empleo) occupation, employment, job

4 (actividad) activity, duty, job

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

ocupación ilegal de viviendas squatting

* * *

noun f.

occupation

* * *

SF

1) (=empleo) [en general] employment; [en concreto] occupation

ha bajado el nivel de ocupación entre los jóvenes — the level of employment among young people has dropped

desea volver a su ocupación habitual, la enseñanza — he wishes to return to his usual occupation, teaching

2) (=actividad) activity

lee mucho cuando sus ocupaciones políticas se lo permiten — he reads a lot when his political activities allow it

abandonaron sus ocupaciones para unirse a la manifestación — they stopped what they were doing to join the march

3) [de viviendas] (=acción) occupation; (=nivel de ocupación) occupancy

para fomentar la ocupación de viviendas rurales — to encourage the occupation of rural dwellings

la ocupación hotelera ha aumentado este año — hotel occupancy has increased this year

"se alquila piso, ocupación inmediata" — "apartment available for immediate rent"

4) (Mil, Pol) occupation

durante la ocupación de la embajada por los guerrilleros — during the occupation of the embassy by the guerrillas

las fuerzas de ocupación — the occupying forces

* * *

femenino

1) ( empleo) occupation; ( actividad) activity

el nivel de ocupación — the level of employment

2)

a) ( de vivienda) occupation

b) ( de cargo)

la ocupación de estos puestos — the filling of these posts

c) (de fábrica, territorio) occupation

* * *

femenino

1) ( empleo) occupation; ( actividad) activity

el nivel de ocupación — the level of employment

2)

a) ( de vivienda) occupation

b) ( de cargo)

la ocupación de estos puestos — the filling of these posts

c) (de fábrica, territorio) occupation

* * *

ocupación¹

¹ = occupation, calling, tenure.

Nota: Período al frente de una organización.

Ex: Headings such as SALESMEN AND SALESMANSHIP and FIREMEN, since they are assigned to works covering the activities of both men and women in these occupations, are not specific.

Ex: This function may not seem of the highest professional calling.

Ex: During his tenure, OSU was recognized for the high quality Selective Dissemination of Information (SDI) program it developed in serving both students and faculty.

ocupación²

² = occupancy, occupation.

Ex: The system provides real time monitoring of the occupancy of the library building.

Ex: During the German occupation, the Italian populace lived under the grip of fear as Allied bombardments pummeled towns.

* ocupación doble = double occupancy.

* ocupación en superficie = footprint.

* ocupación extranjera = foreign occupation.

* ocupación ilegal = squat, squatting.

* ocupación individual = single occupancy.

* tasa de ocupación = bed occupancy rate, occupancy rate, room occupancy rate.

* tasa de ocupación hotelera = hotel occupancy rate.

* zona de ocupación = zone of occupation, occupation zone.

* * *

ocupación

feminine

A (empleo) occupation; (actividad) activity

sus muchas ocupaciones her many activities

una ocupación sedentaria a sedentary occupation

el nivel de ocupación bajó radicalmente the level of employment fell steeply

B

1 (de una vivienda) occupation

2

(de un cargo): la ocupación de estos puestos por gente joven the filling of these posts by young people

3 (de una fábrica, un territorio) occupation

la ocupación de la facultad por parte del estudiantado the students' occupation of the faculty building

4 ( Esp) (de armas, contrabando) seizure

* * *

ocupación sustantivo femenino ( empleo) occupation;
( actividad) activity
ocupación sustantivo femenino occupation
' ocupación' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
menester
- dedicar
- hacer
- profesión
English:
occupation
- squatting
- tenure
- sit

* * *

ocupación nf

1. [de territorio, edificio] occupation;

la ocupación de la Embajada por parte de los manifestantes the occupation of the Embassy by the demonstrators;

ocupación ilegal de viviendas squatting;

los hoteles registraron una ocupación del 80 por ciento the hotels reported occupancy rates of 80 percent

2. [empleo] job, occupation

3. [actividad] activity;

una de mis ocupaciones favoritas one of my favourite activities

* * *

ocupación

f

1 tb
MIL occupation
2 ( actividad) activity

3

:

ocupación hotelera hotel occupancy

* * *

ocupación nf, pl - ciones

1) : occupation, activity

2) : occupancy

3) empleo: employment, job

* * *

ocupación n

1. (empleo) job / employment

muchas personas están sin ocupación a lot of people haven't got jobs

2. (intervención) occupation

ocupación militar military occupation

3. (actividad) activity

te buscaremos una ocupación para que no te aburras we'll find you something to do so that you don't get bored

tengo tantas ocupaciones que no me queda tiempo libre I'm so busy I don't have any free time

Spanish-English dictionary > ocupación
10 comune

1. adj common

amico mutual

( ordinario) ordinary, common

in comune in common

non comune unusual, uncommon

fuori del comune out of the ordinary

2. m municipality

palazzo m del comune town hall

* * *

comune¹ agg.

1 common; ( reciproco) mutual: comune a tutti, common to everyone; lingua comune, common language; proprietà comune, common property; interesse comune, mutual interest; è nel nostro comune interesse che tu parta, it is in our mutual interest that you should leave; un amico comune, a mutual friend; opinione comune, common opinion; uso comune, common (o usual) practice; è uso comune farsi regali a Natale, exchanging gifts at Christmas is common (o usual practice); terreno comune, common land; (fig.) common ground; non avevano un terreno comune su cui fondare il loro dialogo, they had no common ground on which they could base their dialogue // senso comune, common sense // luogo comune, commonplace (o cliché o platitude): è un brano pieno di luoghi comuni, it is a passage full of commonplaces (o clichés o platitudes) // (econ.) Mercato comune Europeo, European Common Market // (banca) conto comune, joint account // (gramm.) nome comune, common noun // (mat.): denominatore comune, common denominator; massimo comune divisore, highest (o greatest) common divisor; minimo comune multiplo, lowest (o least) common multiple // far causa comune con qlcu., to join forces with s.o. // mal comune mezzo gaudio, (prov.) trouble shared is trouble halved

2 poco comune, uncommon

3 ( ordinario) common; ordinary: vino ( di tipo) comune, ordinary wine; articolo, merce comune, common (o ordinary) goods; gente comune, ordinary people; intelligenza comune, ordinary (o average) intelligence; mi sembra una persona piuttosto comune, I think he's rather ordinary

◆ s.m.

1 ( regola generale) common run: fuori del comune, out of the common run, ( insolito) unusual, uncommon, ( eccezionale) exceptional: un piatto fuori del comune, an unusual dish; una persona fuori del comune, an exceptional person // avere qlco. in comune con qlcu., to have sthg. in common with s.o.: non abbiamo niente in comune, we have nothing in common; queste due camere hanno il bagno in comune, these two bedrooms share the same bathroom // mettere qlco. in comune, to put sthg. together (o to pool sthg.), ( condividere) to share: mettiamo in comune tutto il denaro che abbiamo, let's put all our money together; mettiamo in comune le spese?, shall we share expenses? // la vita in comune può essere difficile, life together may prove to be difficult; far vita in comune, to spend most of one's time together (o to see a lot of each other): in crociera abbiamo fatto vita in comune, we spent most of our time together on the cruise

2 (mar.) ordinary seaman

◆ s.f. (teatr.) main stage door: andarsene, uscire dalla comune, to exit by main stage door; (fig.) to abandon the scene.

comune² s.m.

1 (amm.) ( in Italia, Francia, Belgio) commune; ( negli altri Stati) municipality // Palazzo del comune, town (o spec. amer. city) hall; Ostia è comune di Roma, Ostia is in the municipal district of Rome; gli impiegati del comune, local government (o municipal) employees

2 ( autorità municipali) municipality, town council: il Comune ha deciso di far costruire una nuova scuola, the town council decided to have a new school built

3 (st.) commune; city-state: al tempo dei Comuni, at the time of the communes; l'età dei comuni, the age of the Italian city-states

4 la Camera dei Comuni, ( in Gran Bretagna) the House of Commons

◆ s.f.

1 (st.) the Commune

2 ( in Cina) commune (anche estens.) // vivere in una comune femminile, to live in a women's commune.

* * *
I [ko'mune]
1. agg

1) (gen) Gramm common, (diffuso) common, widespread, (consueto) everyday

è un problema molto comune — it's a very common o widespread problem

di intelligenza non comune — of exceptional intelligence

un nostro comune amico — a mutual friend of ours

il bene comune — the common good

di comune accordo — by common consent

di uso comune — in common use

un luogo comune — a commonplace

cassa comune — kitty

fare cassa comune — to pool one's money

mal comune, mezzo gaudio — a trouble shared is a trouble halved

2) (ordinario) ordinary, (di livello medio) average

la gente comune — ordinary folk

2. sm

1)

(di più persone) avere qc in comune — to have sth in common, share sth

non abbiamo niente in comune — we haven't got anything in common

abbiamo un amico in comune — we've got a mutual friend

avere il bagno in comune — to share a bathroom, have a communal bathroom

mettere le provviste in comune — to pool o share one's provisions

2)

fuori del comune — out of the ordinary
II [ko'mune] sm
(Amm : sede) town hall, (autorità) town council

lavora per il comune — she works for the council

devi andare al comune per richiedere il certificato — you have to go to the town hall to get the certificate

l'età dei Comuni Storia — the age of the city states

la Camera dei Comuni; i Comuni Brit Pol — the House of Commons, the Commons

See:

www.comuni-italiani.it/,

www.anci.it/anci.cfm
Cultural note: Comune The Comune is the smallest autonomous political and administrative unit. It keeps records of births, marriages and deaths and has the power to levy taxes and vet proposals for public works and town planning. It is run by a "Giunta comunale", which is elected by the "Consiglio Comunale". The Comune is headed by the "sindaco" (mayor) who since 1993 has been elected directly by the citizens. III [ko'mune] sf
(comunità, anche) Storia commune

* * *
I 1. [ko'mune]
aggettivo

1) (relativo a più persone) common

il nostro comune amico — our mutual friend

per il bene comune — for the common good

di comune accordo — by common o mutual consent

sforzo comune — joint effort

mercato comune — common market

2) (corrente) [atteggiamento, opinione, errore, malattia] common; [espressione, parola] everyday

non è un nome molto comune — that's a rather unusual name

luogo comune — fig. commonplace, cliché

di uso comune — in current use

di una bellezza non comune — uncommonly beautiful

3) (ordinario) [persona, vita] ordinary

l'uomo comune — the man in the street

la gente comune — common o ordinary people, the commonalty, the commons

4) ling.

nome comune — appellative o common noun
2.
sostantivo maschile

1)

uscire dal comune — to be out of the ordinary

fuori dal comune — uncommon, out of the way

2) in comune (condiviso) shared; (collettivamente) in common, communally

proprietà in comune — communal ownership

dopo dieci anni di vita in comune — after living together for ten years

hanno molto in comune — they have lots o a great deal in common

mettere in comune — to pool [informazioni, risorse, esperienze]
II 1. [ko'mune]
sostantivo maschile

1) (paese, cittadina) village; (città) town, city

il comune di Milano — the city of Milan

2) amm. (organo amministrativo) township, municipality; (uffici, sede) town hall, city hall AE

sposarsi in comune — to get married in the registry office o town hall

3) stor. Commune, city-state

4) pol. (in Inghilterra)

Camera dei Comuni — House of Commons
2.
sostantivo femminile (comunità) commune

* * *

comune¹

/ko'mune/

I aggettivo

1 (relativo a più persone) common; il nostro comune amico our mutual friend; per il bene comune for the common good; di comune accordo by common o mutual consent; sforzo comune joint effort; mercato comune common market

2 (corrente) [atteggiamento, opinione, errore, malattia] common; [espressione, parola] everyday; non è un nome molto comune that's a rather unusual name; luogo comune fig. commonplace, cliché; di uso comune in current use; di una bellezza non comune uncommonly beautiful

3 (ordinario) [persona, vita] ordinary; l'uomo comune the man in the street; la gente comune common o ordinary people, the commonalty, the commons

4 ling. nome comune appellative o common noun

II sostantivo maschile

1 uscire dal comune to be out of the ordinary; fuori dal comune uncommon, out of the way

2 in comune (condiviso) shared; (collettivamente) in common, communally; proprietà in comune communal ownership; dopo dieci anni di vita in comune after living together for ten years; hanno molto in comune they have lots o a great deal in common; mettere in comune to pool [informazioni, risorse, esperienze].

————————

comune²

/ko'mune/

I sostantivo m.

1 (paese, cittadina) village; (città) town, city; il comune di Milano the city of Milan

2 amm. (organo amministrativo) township, municipality; (uffici, sede) town hall, city hall AE; sposarsi in comune to get married in the registry office o town hall

3 stor. Commune, city-state

4 pol. (in Inghilterra) Camera dei Comuni House of Commons

II sostantivo f.

(comunità) commune.

Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > comune
11 la liberazione della donna

women's liberation

la Liberazione — national holiday
Cultural note: Liberazione The Liberazione is a national holiday which falls on 25 April. It commemorates the liberation of Italy in 1945 from German forces and Mussolini's government and marks the end of the war on Italian soil.

Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > la liberazione della donna
12 la liberazione della donna

women's liberation

la Liberazione — national holiday
Cultural note: Liberazione The Liberazione is a national holiday which falls on 25 April. It commemorates the liberation of Italy in 1945 from German forces and Mussolini's government and marks the end of the war on Italian soil.

Nuovo dizionario Italiano-Inglese > la liberazione della donna
13 CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE

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   ■ The Military

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   ■ Stock, Maria José. Os Partidos do Poder: Dez Anos Depois do " 25 De Abril." Evora, 1986.

   ■ Story, Jonathan. "Portugal's Revolution of Carnations: Patterns of Change and Continuity." International Affairs 52 (July 1976): 417-34. Sweezey, Paul. "Class Struggles in Portugal." Monthly Review 27, 4 (Sept. 1975): 1-26.

   ■ Szulc, Tad. "Lisbon and Washington: Behind Portugal's Revolution." Foreign Policy 21 (Winter 1975-76): 3-62. Tavares de Almeida, Antônio. Balsemão: O retrato. Lisbon, 1981. "Vasco." Desenhos Políticos. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Vasconcelos, Alvaro. "Portugal in Atlantic-Mediterranean Security." In Douglas T. Stuart, ed., Politics and Security in the Southern Region of the Atlantic Alliance, 117-36. London: Macmillan, 1988.

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "Golpes militares e golpes literários. A literatura do golpe de 25 de Abril de 1974 em contexto histôrico." Penélope. Fazer E Desfazer A História, 19-20 (1998): 191-212.

   ■. "Tributo ao Historiador dos Historiadores. Memorias de A.H.de Oliveira Marques (1933-2007)," Historia XXIX, 95, III series (March 2007), 18-22.

   ■ Wiarda, Howard J. Transcending Corporatism? The Portuguese Corporative System and the Revolution of 1974. Columbia: Institute of International Studies, University of South Carolina, 1976.

   ■. The Transition to Democracy in Spain and Portugal. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1989. Wise, Audrey. Eyewitness in Revolutionary Portugal. With a Preface by Judith Hart, MP. London: Spokesman, 1975.

   ■ PHYSICAL FEATURES: GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, FAUNA, AND FLORA

   ■ Birot, Pierre. Le Portugal: Étude de géographie régionale. Paris, 1950.

   ■ Embleton, Clifford. Geomorphology of Europe. London: Macmillan, 1984.

   ■ Girão, Aristides de Amorim. Divisão regional, divisão agrícola e divisão administrativa. Coimbra, 1932.

   ■. Condições geográficos e históricas de autonomia política de Portugal. Coimbra, 1935.

   ■. Atlas de Portugal, 2nd ed. Coimbra, 1958.

   ■ Ribeiro, Orlando. Portugal, O Mediterrâneo e o Altântico. Coimbra, 1945 and later eds.

   ■. Portugal. Volume V of Geografia de Espana y Portugal. Barcelona, 1955.

   ■. Ensaios de Geografia Humana e regio nal. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■. A geografia e a divisão regional do país. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■ Stanislawski, Dan. The Individuality of Portugal. Austin: The University of Texas Press, 1959.

   ■. Portugal's Other Kingdom: The Algarve. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1963.

   ■ Taylor, Albert William. Wild Flowers of Spain and Portugal. London: Chatto & Windus, 1972.

   ■ Way, Ruth, and Margaret Simmons. A Geography of Spain and Portugal. London: Methuen, 1962.

   ■ ARCHAEOLOGY AND PREHISTORY

   ■ "Actas do Colóquio Inter-Universitário do Noroeste Peninsular (Porto-Baião, 1988), vol. II, Proto-História, romanização e Idade Média." In Trabalhos de antropologia e etnologia. 28, 3-4 (1988).

   ■ Alarcão, Jorge de, ed. "Do Paleolítico va arte visigótica." Vol. 1, História da

   ■ Arte em Portugal. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.

   ■. Roman Portugal, 3 vols. Warminister, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.

   ■. Portugal Das Orígens A Romanização. Vol. I. In J. Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds. Nova História de Portugal. Lisbon: Presença, 1990. Anderson, James M., and M. S. Lea. Portugal 1001 Sights: An Archaeological and Historical Guide. Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary and Robert Hale, 1994.

   ■ Balmuth, Miriam S., Antonio Gilman, and Lourdes Prados-Torreira, eds. Encounters and Transformations: The Archaeology of Iberia in Transition. Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology, no. 7. Sheffield, U.K.: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997.

   ■ Beirão, C. M. M. Une civilization protohistorique du Sud au Portugal ( 1er Age du Fer). Paris: D. Boccard, 1986.

   ■ Cardoso, João Luís, Santinho A. Cunha, and Delberto Aguiar. O Homem Pre-Histórico no Concelho de Oeiras. Oeiras, Portugal: Estudos Arquelógicos de Oeiras, 1991.

   ■ Harrison, Richard J. The Bell Beaker Cultures of Spain and Portugal. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1977.

   ■ Mangas, Júlio, ed. Hispania epigraphica. Madrid, 1989.

   ■ Maloney, Stephanie J. "The Villa of Toerre de Palma, Portugal: Archaeology and Preservation." Portuguese Studies Review VIII, 1 (Fall-Winter, 1999-2000): 14-28.

   ■ Savory, H. N. Spain and Portugal: The Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula. London, 1968.

   ■ Silva, A. C. F. A cultura castreja no Noroeste de Portugal. Paços de Ferreira:

   ■ Museu da Citânia de Sanfins, 1986. Straus, L. G. Iberia before the Iberians. Albuquerque, N.M., 1992.

   ■ FOREIGN TRAVELERS AND RESIDENTS' ACCOUNTS

   ■ Andersen, Hans Christian. A Visit to Portugal 1866. London: Peter Owen, 1972.

   ■ Beckford, William. Italy, with Sketches of Spain and Portugal. Paris: Baudry's European Library, 1834.

   ■. The Journal of William Beckford in Portugal and Spain 1787-1788.

   ■ Boyd Alexander, ed. London: Hart-Davies, 1954.

   ■. Recollections of an Excursion to the Monasteries of Alcoboca and Batalha. Fontwell, U.K.: Centaur Press, 1972.

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. In Portugal. London: Bodley Head, 1912.

   ■ Borrow, George. The Bible in Spain, 2 vols. London: Constable, 1923 ed.

   ■ Chaves, Castelo Branco. Os livros de viagens em Portugal no século XVIII e a sua projecção europeia. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Costigan, Arthur William. Sketches of Society and Manners in Portugal. London: T. Vernon, 1787.

   ■ Crawfurd, Oswald. Portugal Old and New. London: Kegan, Paul, 1880.

   ■. Round the Calendar in Portugal. London: Chapman & Hall, 1890.

   ■ Darymple, William. Travels through Spain and Portugal in 1774. London: J. Almon, 1777.

   ■ Dumouriez, Charles Francois Duperrier. An Account of Portugal as It Appeared in 1766. London: C. Law, 1797.

   ■ Fielding, Henry. Jonathan Wild and the Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon. London: J. M. Dent, 1932.

   ■ Fullerton, Alice. To Portugal for Pleasure. London: Grafton, 1945.

   ■ Gibbons, John. I Gathered No Moss. London: Robert Hale, 1939.

   ■ Gordon, Jan, and Cora Gordon. Portuguese Somersault. London: Harrap, 1934.

   ■ Hewitt, Richard. A Cottage in Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996.

   ■ Huggett, Frank. South of Lisbon: Winter Travels in Southern Portugal. London: Gollancz, 1960.

   ■ Hume, Martin. Through Portugal. London: Richards, 1907.

   ■ Hyland, Paul. Backwards Out of the Big World: A Voyage into Portugal. Hammersmith, U.K.: HarperCollins, 1996.

   ■ Jackson, Catherine Charlotte, Lady. Fair Lusitania. London: Bentley, 1874.

   ■ Kelly, Marie Node. This Delicious Land Portugal. London: Hutchinson, 1956.

   ■ Kempner, Mary Jean. Invitation to Portugal. New York: Athenaeum, 1969.

   ■ Kingston, William H. G. Lusitanian Sketches of the Pen and Pencil. 2 vol. London: Parker, 1845.

   ■ Landmann, George. Historical, Military and Picturesque Observations on Portugal. 2 vol. London: Cadell and Davies, 1818.

   ■ Latouche, John [Pseudonym of Oswald Crawfurd]. Travels in Portugal. London: Ward, Lock & Taylor, ca. 1874.

   ■ Link, Henry Frederick. Travels in Portugal and France and Spain. London: Longman & Rees, 1801.

   ■ Macauley, Rose. They Went to Portugal. London: Jonathan Cape, 1946.

   ■. They Went to Portugal, Too. Manchester: Carcanet Books, 1990.

   ■ Merle, Iris. Portuguese Panorama. London: Ouzel, 1958.

   ■ Murphy, J. C. Travels in Portugal. London: 1795.

   ■ Proper, Datus C. The Last Old Place: A Search through Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992.

   ■ Quillinan, Dorothy [Wordsworth]. Journal of a Few Months in Portugal with Glimpses of the South of Spain. 2 vol. London: Moxon, 1847. Sitwell, Sacheverell. Portugal and Madeira. London: Batsford, 1954. Smith, Karine R. Until Tomorrow: Azores and Portugal. Snohomish, Wash.: Snohomish Publishing, 1978. Southey, Robert. Journals of a Residence in Portugal, 1800-1801 and a Visit to France, 1838. London and New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1912. Thomas, Gordon Kent. Lord Byron's Iberian Pilgrimage. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1983. Twiss, Richard. Travels through Portugal and Spain in 1772-1773. London, 1775.

   ■ Watson, Gilbert. Sunshine and Sentiment in Portugal. London: Arnold, 1904. Wheeler, Douglas L. "A[n American] Fulbrighter in Lisbon, Portugal, 196162." Portuguese Studies Review 1 (1991): 9-16.

   ■ PORTUGUESE CARTOGRAPHY, DISCOVERIES, AND NAVIGATION

   ■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Curso de História de Naútica. Coimbra, 1972.

   ■. Introdução a história dos descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Mem Martins, 1983.

   ■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon: Alfa, 1983.

   ■. Navegadores, viajantes e adventureiros portugueses: Séculos XV e XVI. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■. Portuguese Books on Nautical Science from Pedro Nunes to 1650. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Boorstin, Daniel. The Discoverers. New York: Random House, 1983. Boxer, C. R. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, 1415-1825. London: Hutchinson, 1969.

   ■ Brazão, Eduardo. La découverte de Terre-Neuve. Montreal: Les Presses de l'Université, 1964.

   ■. "Les Corte-Real et le Nouveau Monde." Revue d'histoire d'Amérique Française 19, 1 (1965): 335-49. Cortesão, Armando, and Avelino Teixeira de Mota. Cartografia Portuguesa Antiga. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■. Portugalia Monumenta Cartográfica, 6 vols. Lisbon, 1960-62.

   ■. História da Cartografia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Coimbra, 1969-70.

   ■ Cortesão, Jaime. L'expansion des portugais dans l'historie de la civilisation. Brussels, 1930.

   ■. Os descobrimentos portugueses, 2 vols. V. Magalhães Godinho and Joel Serrão, eds. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■. A expansão dos Portugueses no período henriquinho. Lisbon, 1965.

   ■. Descobrimentos precolombanos dos portugueses. Lisbon, 1966.

   ■ Costa, Abel Fontoura da. A Marinharia dos Descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■ Costa Brochado, Idalino F. Descobrimento do Atlântico. Lisbon, 1958. English ed., 1959-60.

   ■ Coutinho, Admiral Gago. A naútica dos descobrimentos, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1951-52.

   ■ Crone, G. R. Maps and Their Makers. New York: Capricorn Books, 1966.

   ■ Dias, José S. da Silva. Os descobrimentos e a problemática cultural do Século XVI, 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Disney, Anthony, and Emily Booth, eds. Vasco Da Gama and the Linking of Europe and Asia. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000.

   ■ Godinho, Vitorino Magalhães, ed. Documentos sobre a expansão portuguesa [ to 1460], 3 vols. Lisbon, 1945-54.

   ■ Guedes, Max, and Gerald Lombardi, eds. Portugal. Brazil: The Age of Atlantic Discoveries. Lisbon: Bertrand; Milan: Ricci; Brazilian Culture Foundation, 1990. [Catalogue of New York Public Library Exhibit, Summer 1990]

   ■ Harley, J. B., and David Woodward. The History of Cartography. Volume 1: Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient and Medieval Europe and Mediterranean. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.

   ■ Leite, Duarte. História dos Descobrimentos: Colectânea de esparsos, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1958-61.

   ■ Ley, Charles. Portuguese Voyages, 1498-1663. London: Dent, 1953.

   ■ Marques, J. Martins da Silva. Descobrimentos portugueses, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1944-71.

   ■ Martyn, John R. C., ed. Pedro Nunes ( 1502-1578): His Lost Algebra and Other Discoveries. John R. C. Martyn, trans. New York: Peter Lang, 1996.

   ■ Morison, Samuel Eliot. The European Discovery of America: The Northern Voyages, A. D. 500-1600. New York: Oxford University Press, 1971.

   ■. Portuguese Voyages to America in the Fifteenth Century. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1974.

   ■ Mota, Avelino Teixeira da. Mar, Além-Mar-Estudos e Ensaios de História e Geografia. Lisbon, 1972.

   ■ Nemésio, Vitorino. Vida e Obra do Infante D. Henrique. Lisbon, 1959.

   ■ Parry, J. H. The Discovery of the Sea. New York: Dial, 1974.

   ■ Penrose, Boies. Travel and Discovery in the Renaissance, 1420-1620. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1952.

   ■ Peres, Damião. História dos Descobrimentos Portugueses. Oporto, 1943.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. The Portuguese Pioneers. London, 1933; New York: Barnes & Noble, 1967.

   ■ Rogers, Francis M. Precision Astrolabe: Portuguese Navigators and Transoceanic Aviation. Lisbon, 1971.

   ■ Seary, E. R. "The Portuguese Element in the Place Names of Newfoundland." In Luís Albuquerque, ed., Vice-Almirante A. Teixeira da Mota: In Memo-riam. Vol. II, 359-64. Lisbon: Academia da Marinha, 1989.

   ■ Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. The Career and Legend of Vasco Da Gama. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

   ■ Velho, Alvaro. Roteiro ( Navigator's Route) da Primeira Viagem de Vasco da Gama ( 1497-1499). Lisbon, 1960.

   ■ Winius, George, ed. Portugal, the Pathfinder: Journeys from the Medieval toward the Modern World 1300-ca. 1600. Madison, Wisc.: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, 1995.

   ■ PORTUGAL AND HER OVERSEAS EMPIRES (1415-1975)

   ■ Abshire, David M., and Michael A. Samuels, eds. Portuguese Africa: A Handbook. New York: Praeger, 1969.

   ■ Afonso, Aniceto, and Carlos de Matos Gomes. Guerra Colonial. Lisbon: Noticias, 2001.

   ■ Albuquerque, J. Moushino de. Moçambique. Lisbon, 1898.

   ■ Alden, Dauril. The Making of an Enterprise: The Society of Jesus in Portugal, Its Empire & Beyond. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1995.

   ■ Alexandre, Valentim. Orígens do Colonialismo Português Moderno ( 18221891). Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1979.

   ■. Velho Brasil, Novas Africas: Portugal e o Império ( 1808-1975). Oporto: Afrontamento, 2000.

   ■, and Jill Dias, eds. "O Império Africano 1825-1890. Volume X." In J.

   ■ Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds., Nova História Da Expansão Portuguesa. Lisbon: Estampa, 1998.

   ■ Ames, Glen J. "The Carreira da India, 1668-1682: Maritime Enterprise and the Quest for Stability in Portugal's Asian Empire." Journal of European Economic History 20, 1 (1991): 7-28.

   ■. Renascent Empire? The House of Braganza and the Quest for Stability in Portuguese Monsoon Asia, ca. 1640-1683. Amsterdam: Amsterdam Univ.Press, 2000.

   ■. Vasco da Gama. Renaissance Crusader. New York: Pearson/Longman, 2005.

   ■ Antunes, José Freire. O Império com Pés de Barro: Colonizaçao e Descolonização: As Ideologias em Portugal. Lisbon: D. Quixote, 1980.

   ■. O Factor Africano 1890-1990. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1990.

   ■. A Guerra De Africa 1961-1974, 2 vols. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1995-96.

   ■. Jorge Jardim: Agente Secreto 1919-1982. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1996.

   ■ Axelson, Eric A. South-East Africa, 1488-1530. London: Longmans, 1940.

   ■. "Prince Henry and the Discovery of the Sea Route to India." Geographical Journal (U.K.) 127, 2 (June 1961): 145-58.

   ■. Portugal and the Scramble for Africa, 1875-1891. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1967.

   ■. Portuguese in South-East Africa, 1488-1699. Cape Town: Struik, 1973.

   ■. Congo to Cape: Early Portuguese Explorers. New York: Harper & Row, 1974.

   ■ Azevedo, Mário. Historical Dictionary of Mozambique, 2nd ed. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2003.

   ■ Baião, António, Hernãni Cidade, and Manuel Murias, eds. História da Expansão Portuguesa no Mundo, 4 vols. Lisbon, 1937-40.

   ■ Bender, Gerald J. "The Limits of Counterinsurgency [in the Angolan War, 1961-72]." Comparative Politics (1972): 331-60.

   ■. Angola under the Portuguese: The Myth Versus Reality. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978.

   ■ Bhíla, H. H. K. Trade and Politics in a Shona Kingdom: The Manyika and Their Portuguese and African Neighbours, 1875-1902. Harlow, U.K.: Longman, 1990.

   ■ Birmingham, David. The Portuguese Conquest of Angola. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1965.

   ■. Trade and Conflict in Angola. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1966.

   ■. Frontline Nationalism in Angola & Mozambique. London: James Currey, 1992.

   ■. Portugal and Africa. New York: St. Martins, 1999.

   ■ Bottineau, Yves. Le Portugal Et Sa Vocation Maritime. Paris: Boccard, 1977. Boxer, C. R. Fidalgos in the Far East— Fact and Fancy in the History of Macau. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1948. ———. The Christian Century in Japan. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1951.

   ■ ———. Salvador de Sá and the Struggle for Brazil and Angola, 1602-1688. London, 1952.

   ■ ———. Four Centuries of Portuguese Expansion, 1415-1825: A Succinct Survey. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1961.

   ■ ———. The Golden Age of Brazil, 1695-1750. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1962.

   ■ ———. Race Relations in the Portuguese Colonial Empire, 1415-1825. Oxford:

   ■ Clarendon Press, 1963. ———. Portuguese Society in the Tropics. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1965.

   ■ ———. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire 1415-1825. London: Hutchi nson, 1969.

   ■ ———, and Carlos de Azevedo, eds. Fort Jesus and the Portuguese in Mombasa. London: Hollis and Carter, 1960.

   ■ Broadhead, Susan H. Historical Dictionary of Angola, 2nd ed. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1992.

   ■ Burton, Richard. Goa and the Blue Mountains. London: Bentley, 1851.

   ■ Cabral, Luís. Crónica da Libertação. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Caetano, Marcello. Colonizing Traditions, Principles and Methods of the Portuguese. Lisbon, 1951.

   ■ ———. Portugal E A Internacionalização Dos Problemas Africanos, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1965.

   ■ Cann, John P. Counterinsurgency in Africa: The Portuguese Way of War, 1961-1974. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1997. Castelo, Claudia. " O modo portugues de estar no mundo." O luso-tropicalismo e a ideologia colonial portuguesa ( 1931-1961). Oporto: Afrontamento, 1998. Castro, Armando. O Sistema Colonial Português em Africa ( meados do Século XX). Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Chaliand, Gerard. "The Independence of Guinea-Bissau and the Heritage of [Amilcar] Cabral." In Revolution in the Third World. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1978.

   ■ Chilcote, Ronald H. Portuguese Africa. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1967.

   ■ Clarence-Smith, Gervase. Slaves, Peasants and Capitalists in Southern Angola 1840-1926. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979.

   ■ ———. The Third Portuguese Empire 1825-1975: A Study in Economic Imperialism. Manchester, U.K.: Manchester University Press, 1985.

   ■ Coates, Timothy J. Convicts and Orphans: Forced and State-Sponsored Colonizers in the Portuguese Empire, 1550-1720. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2001.

   ■ Davies, Shann. Macau. Singapore: Times Editions, 1986.

   ■ Dias, C. Malheiro, ed. História da colonização portuguesa no Brasil, 3 vols. Oporto, 1921-24.

   ■ Diffie, Bailey W., and George Winius. Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415-1580. Minneapolis: Minnesota University Press, 1977.

   ■ Disney, Anthony R. Twilight of the Pepper Empire: Portuguese Trade in Southwest India in the Early Seventeenth Century. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1978.

   ■ ———, and Emily Booth, eds. Vasco Da Gama and the Linking of Europe and Asia. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000.

   ■ Duffy, James. Shipwreck and Empire: Being an Account of Portuguese Maritime Disaster in a Century of Decline. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1955.

   ■ ———. Portuguese Africa. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1959. ———. Portugal in Africa. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1962.

   ■. "The Portuguese Territories." In Colin Legum, ed., Africa: A Handbook to the Continent. New York: Holmes & Meier, 1967. ———. A Question of Slavery. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1967. Felgas, Hélio. História do Congo Português. Carmona, Angola, 1958. ———. Guerra em Angola. Lisbon, 1961.

   ■ Galvão, Henrique, and Carlos Selvagam. O Império Ultramarino Português, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1953.

   ■ Gleijeses, Piero. Conflicting Missions: Havana, Washington and Africa, 19591976. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002.

   ■ Godinho, Vitorino Magalhães. "Portugal and Her Empire." In The New Cambridge Modern History. Vol. V (1961): 384-97; Vol. VI (1963): 509-TO.

   ■ Grenfell, F. James. História da Igreja Baptista em Angola, 1879-1975. Queluz, Portugal: Núcleo, 1998.

   ■ Hammond, Richard J. "Economic Imperialism: Sidelights on a Stereotype." Journal of Economic History XXI, 4 (1961): 582-98.

   ■ ———. Portugal and Africa, 1815-1910: A Study in Uneconomic Imperialism. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1966.

   ■ Hanson, Carl. Portugal and the Wider World 1147-1497. New Orleans, La.: University Press of the South, 2001.

   ■ Harris, Marvin. Portugal's African Wards. New York: American Committee on Africa, 1957.

   ■ ———. "Portugal's Contribution to the Underdevelopment of Africa and Brazil." In Ronald H. Chilcote, ed., Protest & Resistance in Angola & Brazil: Comparative Studies, 209-23. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1972.

   ■ Henderson, Lawrence W. Angola: Five Centuries of Conflict. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1979. ———. A Igreja Em Angola. Lisbon: Edit. Além-Mar, 1990. Heywood, Linda. Contested Power in Angola 1840s to the Present. Rochester, N.Y.: University of Rochester Press, 2000.

   ■ Hilton, Anne. The Kingdom of Kongo. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985.

   ■ Hower, Alfred, and Richard Preto-Rodas, eds. Empire in Transition: The Portuguese World in the Time of Camões. Gainesville: University Presses of Florida, 1985.

   ■ Isaacman, Allen. "The Prazos da Coroa 1752-1830: A Functional Analysis of the Political System." STUDIA (Lisbon) 26 (1969): 149-78.

   ■. Mozambique: The Africanization of a European Institution: The Zambezi Prazos, 1750-1902. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1972.

   ■ ———. The Tradition of Resistance in Mozambique: Anti-Colonial Activity in the Zambesi Valley 1850-1921. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1976.

   ■ James, Martin. Historical Dictionary of Angola, 3rd ed. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2004.

   ■ Jardim, Jorge. Sanctions Double-Cross: Oil to Rhodesia. Lisbon, 1978. Johnson, Harold, and Maria Beatriz Nizza da Silva. O Império Luso-Brasileiro 1500-1620. Volume VI. In J. Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds. Nova História Da Expansão Portuguesa. Lisbon: Estampa, 1992. Joliffe, Jill. East Timor: Nationalism & Colonialism. University of Queensland Press, 1978.

   ■ Kea, Ray A. Settlements, Trade and Politics in the Seventeenth Century Gold Coast. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982.

   ■ Kohen, Arnold. From the Place of the Dead. The Epic Struggles of Bishop Belo of East Timor. New York: St Martins, 1999.

   ■ Livingstone, Charles, and David Livingstone. Narrative of an Expedition to the Zambezi and Its Tributaries. New York: 1866.

   ■ Livingstone, David. Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa. London, 1857.

   ■ Lobban, Richard, and Joshua Forrest. Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau, 3rd ed. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 1996. Lobban, Richard, and Marilyn Halter. Historical Dictionary of Cape Verde, 3rd ed. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 1993. Martino, Antonio M. Joao de Azevedo Coutinho. Marinheiro e soldado de Portugal. Lisbon: Colibri, 2002. Martins, Rocha. História das Colónias Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1933. Marvaud, Angel. Le Portugal et Ses Colonies. Paris, 1912. Mason, Philip, ed. Angola: A Symposium; Views of a Revolt. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1961. Melo, João de, ed. Os Anos Da Guerra 1961-1975: Os Portugueses em Africa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1988. Miller, Joseph C. Way of Death: Merchant Capitalism and the Angolan Slave Trade, 1730-1830. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1988.

   ■ Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Portugal. Vinte Anos de Defesa do Estado Português de India. Lisbon, 1967.

   ■. Portugal Replies in the United Nations. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■ Mondlane, Eduardo. The Struggle for Mozambique. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1969.

   ■ Moreira, Adriano. Política Ultramarina. Lisbon, 1956.

   ■. Portugal's Stand in Africa. New York: University Publishers, 1962.

   ■, and Jose Carlos Venancio. Eds. Luso-Tropicalismo. Uma Teoria Social em Questao. Lisbon: Vega, 2000.

   ■ Múrias, Manuel, ed. História da expansão portuguesa no mundo, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1937-42.

   ■. Short History of Portuguese Colonization. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■ Newitt, Malyn. Portuguese Settlement on the Zambesi: Exploration, Land Tenure and Colonial Rule in East Africa. New York: Holmes & Meier, 1973.

   ■. Portugal in Africa: The Last Hundred Years. London: Longmans, 1981.

   ■. A History of Mozambique. London: Hurst, 1995.

   ■. A History ofPortuguese Overseas Expansion, 1400-1668. London: Routledge, 2005.

   ■. Diálogos Interditos: A Política Externa Portuguesa E A Guerra De Africa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■. História De Portugal. 1933-1974: II Suplemento. Oporto, 1981.

   ■. Um político confessa-se ( Diário: 1960-1968), 3rd ed. Oporto, 1987.

   ■. Salazar. Vol. V: A Resistência ( 1958-1964). Oporto, 1981.

   ■ Nowell, Charles E. "Portugal and the Partition of Africa." Journal of Modern History XIX, 1 (1947): 1-17.

   ■ Nunes, Antonio Lopes Pires. Angola 1961. Da Baixa do Cassange a Nambu-angongo. Lisbon: Prefacio, 2005.

   ■ Okuma, Thomas. Angola in Ferment: The Background and Prospects of Angolan Nationalism. Boston: Beacon, 1962.

   ■ Pattee, Richard. Portugal and the Portuguese World. Milwaukee, Wise.: Bruce, 1957.

   ■ Pélissier, René. Les Guerres Grises: Resistance Et Revoltes en Angola ( 18451941). Orgeval: Pélissier, 1977.

   ■. Naissance Du Mozambique: Tome 1, Tome 2, Resistance Et Revoltes Anticoloniales ( 1854-1981), 2 vols. Orgeval: Pélissier, 1984.

   ■. História de Moçambique. Vol. II. Lisbon, 1988.

   ■. Naissance de la Guinée: Portugais et Africains en Senegambie ( 1841-1936). Orgeval: Pélissier, 1989.

   ■. Timor En Guerre: Le Crocodile et les Portugais ( 1847-1913). Orgeval: Pélissier, 1996.

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   ■ Brogger, Jan. Pre-bureaucratic Europeans: A Study of a Portuguese Fishing Community. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989. Cabral, Manuel Villaverde. "Portuguese Perspectives." Sociologia Ruralis [Journal of European Rural Sociology] XXIV, 1 (1986); number devoted to rural Portugal today. Chaney, Rick. Regional Emigration and Remittances in Developing Countries: The Portuguese Experience. New York: Praeger, 1986. Cole, Sally. Women of the Praia: Work and Lives in a Portuguese Colonial Community. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1991. Cutileiro, José. A Portuguese Rural Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971.

   ■ Deschamps, Paul. Portugal: La Vie Sociale Actuelle. Paris, 1935.

   ■. Histoire Sociale du Portugal. Paris, 1959.

   ■ Dias, Jorge. Rio do Onor-comunitarismo agropastoral. Oporto, 1953.

   ■. Ensaios Etnológicos. Lisbon, 1961.

   ■. The Portuguese Contribution to Cultural Anthropology. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1964.

   ■. Vilarinho Da Furna: Uma Aldeia Comunitária. Rev. ed. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Downs, Charles. Os Moradores à Conquista da Cidade. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■. "Community Organization, Political Change and Urban Policy: Portugal. 1974-1976." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology. University of California, 1980.

   ■. "Residents' Commissions and Urban Struggles in Revolutionary Portugal." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Dracklé, Dorlé. Macht und Ohnmacht: Der Kampf num die Agarreform im Alentejo ( Portugal). Gottingen, Germany: Edit. Re, 1991.

   ■ Espírito Santo, Moise. Communidade Rural ao Norte do Tejo. Lisbon, 1980.

   ■ Feijó, Rui, H. Martins, and João de Pina Cabral, eds. Death in Portugal. Oxford: Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford, 1983.

   ■ Feijó, Rui Graça. "State, Nation and Regional Diversity in Portugal: An Overview." In Richard Herr and John H. Polt, eds., Iberian Identity: Essays on the Nature of Identity in Portugal and Spain, 37-47. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California, 1989.

   ■ Feio, Mariano. Les Bas Alentejo et l'Algarve. Lisbon, 1949.

   ■ Ferreira de Almeida, João. Classes sociais nos campos. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Fonseca, Ramiro da. O Livro da Saúde e da Doença. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Gallop, Rodney. Portugal: A Book of Folk-Ways. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1936. Reprinted, 1961.

   ■ Hoefgen, Lynn. "The Integration of Returnees from the Colonies into Portugal's Social and Economic Life." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, 1985.

   ■ Ingerson, Alice Elizabeth. "Corporatism and Class Consciousness in Northwestern Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology. Johns Hopkins University, 1984.

   ■ Jenkins, Robin. The Road to Alto. London: Pluto Press, 1979.

   ■ Lawrence, Denise. "Menstrual Politics: Women and Pigs in Rural Portugal." In T. Buckley and A. Gottlieb, eds., Blood Magic: The Anthropology of Menstruation, 117-36. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.

   ■. "Suburbanization of House Form and Gender Relations in a Rural Portuguese Agro-Town." Architecture and Behavior 4, 3 (1988): 197-212.

   ■ Martins, Hermínio. "Portugal." In Margaret S. Archer and Salvador Giner, eds., Contemporary Europe: Class, Status and Power. New York: St. Martins, 1971.

   ■ Mattoso, José. Identificação de um país. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Merten, Peter. Anarchismüs und Arbeiterkãmpf in Portugal. Hamburg: Libera-tare Association, 1981.

   ■ Monteiro, Paulo. Terra que ja foi terra: Análise Sociológica de nove lugares agro-pastorais da Serra da Lousã. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Nataf, Daniel. "Social Cleavages and Regime Formation in Contemporary Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Political Science, UCLA, 1987.

   ■ Nazareth, J. Manuel. "Familia e Emigração em Portugal: Ensaio Exploratório." Economia e Socialismo 23 (1977): 31-50.

   ■ O'Neill, Brian Juan. "Dying and Inheriting in Rural Tras-os-Montes." Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford 14 (1983): 44-74.

   ■. Social Inequality in a Portuguese Hamlet: Land, Late Marriage, and Inheritance, 1870-1978. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

   ■ Pacheco, Helder. Tradições Populares de Portugal. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Pardoe, Julia. Traits and Traditions of Portugal, 2 vols. London, 1832.

   ■ Pereira Neto, João Baptista. "Social Evolution in Portugal since 1945." In Raymond S. Sayers, ed., Portugal and Brazil in Transition, 212-27. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1968.

   ■ Pina-Cabral, João de. Sons of Adam, Daughters of Eve: The Peasant World-View of the Alto Minho. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986.

   ■. "Sociocultural Differentiation and Regional Identity in Portugal." In

   ■ R. Herr and J. H. Polt, eds., Iberian Identity, 3-18. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, 1989.

   ■ Poinard, Michel. La Retour des Traveilleurs Portugais. Paris: La Documentation Francaise, 1979.

   ■ Reed, Robert Roy. "Managing the Revolution: Revolutionary Promise and Political Reality in Rural Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, 1988.

   ■ Riegelhaupt, Joyce F. "In the Shadow of the City: Integration of a Portuguese Village" [São João das Lampas, nr, Cascais]. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Columbia University, 1964.

   ■. "Saloio Women: An Analysis of Informal and Formal Political and Economic Roles of Portuguese Peasant Women." Anthropological Quarterly 40, 3 (July 1967): 109-26.

   ■. "Festas and Padres: The Organization of Religious Action in a Portuguese Parish." American Anthropologist 75 (1973): 835-52.

   ■. "Peasants and Politics in Salazar's Portugal: The Corporate State and Village 'Nonpolitics'" In L. S. Graham and H. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents, 167-90. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, Julieta E. S. de Almeida. "Continuity and Change in Urban Portuguese Women's Roles: Emerging New Household Structures." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology, Columbia University, 1979.

   ■ Rowland, Robert. "Demographic Patterns and Rural Society in Portugal." So-ciologica Ruralis 26, 1 (1986): 36-47.

   ■ Sanchis, Pierre. Arraial. La Fête d'un Peuple: Les Pélerinages Populaires au Portugal. Paris, 1976.

   ■ Siegel, Bernard J. "Social Structure and Medical Practitioners in Rural Brazil and Portugal." Sociologia (São Paulo) 20, 4 (Oct. 1958): 463-76.

   ■. "Conflict, Parochialism and Social Differentiation in Portuguese Society." Journal of Conflict Resolution V, 1 (March 1961): 35-12.

   ■ Smith, T. Lynn. "The Social Relationships of Man to the Land in Portugal." Sociologia 25, 1 (Dec. 1963): 319-43.

   ■ Sousa Santos, Boaventura. "Estado e sociedade na semiperíferia do sistema mundiale: O caso português." Análise Social 87-89 (1985): 869-902.

   ■. "Social Crisis and the State." In Kenneth Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation, 167-95. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Vasconcellos, Joaquim Leite de. Ethnograia Portuguesa, 8 vols. Lisbon, 1941-82.

   ■. Tradições Populares Portugueses. New ed. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Willems, Emilio. "On Portuguese Family Structure." International Journal of Comparative Society (Dharwar, India) 3, 1 (Sept. 1962): 65-79.

   ■ ARTS, ARCHITECTURE, URBAN PLANNING, MUSIC

   ■ Almeida, Rodrigo Vicente de. História da Arte em Portugal: ( Segundo Estudo) Documentos lnéditos. Oporto, 1883. Almeida D'Eca, Admiral Vicente M. Castles of Portugal. Lisbon, 1925. Amaral, Francisco K. Lisboa: Uma Cidade em Transformação. Lisbon, 1969. Azevedo, Carlos de, and Chester Brummel. Churches of Portugal. New York: Scala Books, 1985.

   ■ Barreira, João, ed. Arte Portuguesa: As Decorativas, 2 vols. Lisbon, n.d.

   ■ Barretto, Mascarenhas, and George Dykes. Fado: Lyrical Origins and Poetical Motivation. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Binney, Marcus. Country Manors of Portugal. London: Scala, 1987.

   ■ Branco, Luís de Freitas. A Música em Portugal. Lisbon, 1930.

   ■ Brito, Manuel Carlos de. Opera in Portugal in the Eighteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

   ■ Carvalho, Pinto de. História de Fado. Lisbon, 1903 and 1982 eds.

   ■ Castro d'Aire, Teresa. O Fado. Lisbon: Temas da Actualidade, 1996.

   ■ Chicó, Mário Tavares. A Architectura Gótica em Portugal. Lisbon, 1968.

   ■ França, José-Augusto. A Arte em Portugal No Século XIX. Lisbon, 1966.

   ■. Lisboa Pombalina e o Illuminismo, 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■. A Reconstrucão e a Arquitectura Pombalina. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Gallop, Rodney. "The Fado (The Portuguese Song of Fate)." Musical Quarterly XIX (1933): 199-213.

   ■. Eight Portuguese Folksongs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1936.

   ■ Gil, Júlio. The Finest Churches in Portugal. Lisbon, 1988.

   ■. The Finest Castles in Portugal, 3rd ed. George F. W. Dykes, trans. Lisbon, 1996.

   ■ Gonçalves, Rui Mário. Pintura e escultura em Portugal. Lisbon: Instituto de Cultura, 1984.

   ■. 100 Pintores Portugueses do século XX. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.

   ■ Kubler, George. Portuguese Plain Architecture: Between Spices and Diamonds, 1521-1706. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1972.

   ■. Studies in Ancient American and European Art: The Collected Essays of George Kubler. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1985.

   ■, and Martin Soria. Art and Architecture in Spain and Portugal. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1959.

   ■ Lacerda, Aarão de. História da Arte em Portugal, 2 vols. Oporto, 1942-48.

   ■ Leão, Joaquim de Sousa. "Decorative Art: The Azulejo." In H. V. Livermore, ed. Portugal and Brazil: An Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1953.

   ■ Lopes Graça, Fernando. A canção popular portuguesa. Lisbon, 1953.

   ■. A música portuguesa e os sus problemas: Ensaios. Lisbon, 1959.

   ■ Moita, Luís. O fado: canção de vencidos. Lisbon, 1936.

   ■ Neves, José Cassiano. The Palace and Gardens of Fronteira: Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century Portuguese Style. Lisbon: Quetzal and Scala, 1995. North, C.T. Guia dos castelos antigos de Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon: Bertrand Ed., 2002.

   ■ Pacheco, Jose. Stuart Carvalhais. O desenho grafico e a imprensa. Lisbon: Biblioteca do Empresario, 2000. Pereira, Paulo, ed. Arte portuguesa. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1995. Picchio, Luciana Stegagno. Storia del Teatro Portoghese. Rome: Edizinio deli' Ateneo, 1964.

   ■ Queirós, José. Cerâmica Portuguesa, 2 vols. 2nd rev. ed. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ Santos, Luís Reis. Monuments of Portugal. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■ Santos, Reinaldo dos. A Escultura em Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1948-50.

   ■. História da Arte em Portugal. Oporto, 1953.

   ■ Sasportes, José. História da Dança em Portugal. Lisbon, 1970. Simões, J. M. dos Santos. "Azulejos in a Land of Many Colours." Connoisseur (London) CXXXVII, 551 (1956): 15-21.

   ■. Azulejaria em Portugal no Século X VIII. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Smith, Robert C. A Talha em Portugal. Lisbon, 1963.

   ■. The Art of Portugal, 1500-1800. London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1968.

   ■. "The Building of Mafra." Apollo 97, 134 (April 1973): 360-67.

   ■ Stoop, Anne de. Demeures portugaises dans les environs de Lisbonne. Paris: Weber, 1986.

   ■. Palais et manoirs: Le Minho. Paris: Ed. du Seuil, 1995.

   ■ Tannock, Michael. Portuguese 20th Century Artists: A Biographical Dictionary. Chichester, U.K.: Phillimore, 1978.

   ■ Taylor, René. "The Architecture of Port Wine." The Architectural Review CXXIX, 772 (1961): 368-99.

   ■ Terol, Marylene. Azulejos a Lisbonne. Paris: Hervas, 1992.

   ■ Veiga de Oliveira, Ernesto. Instrumentos musicais populares portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Watson, Walter Crum. Portuguese Architecture. London: Constable, 1908. Wohl, Hellmut. "Carlos Mardel and His Lisbon Architecture." Apollo 97, 134 (April 1973): 350-59.

   ■ Sculpture and Ceramics

   ■ Andrade, Sergio de. "Presepios." In Dicionario de Arte Barroca em Portugal. Lisbon: Presenca, 1989. Barreira, Joao. Arte Portuguesa, Arquitectura e Escultura. Lisbon: Excelsior, n.d.

   ■ Cardoso, Arnaldo Pinto. O Presepio Barroco Portugues. Lisbon: Bertrand, 2003.

   ■ Chaves, Luis. Os Barristas Portugueses. Coimbra, 1925.

   ■. Natal Portugues. Oporto: Liv. Classica Editora, 1942.

   ■ Gargano, Pietro. Il Presepio. Otto Secoli di Storia, Arte, Tradizione. Milan: Fenice, 1995.

   ■ Lima, Henrique de Campos F. Joaquim Machado de Castro, Escultor Conimbricense. Coimbra: Instituto de Historia de Arte, 1989. Macedo, Diogo de. Presepios Portugueses. Lisbon: Artis, 1951.

   ■. Machado de Castro. Lisbon: Artis, 1958.

   ■ Morais, Heitor. Natal do Meu Coracao. Braga: Ed. A.O., 1991.

   ■ Pais, Alexandre Nobre. Presepios Portugueses Monumentos do Seculo XVIII em Terracotta, 2 vols. Master's thesis in history of art, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1998.

   ■ Queiros, Jose. Ceramica Portuguesa. Lisbon: Presenca, 1998. Santos, Reinaldo dos. A Escultura em Portugal. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1951. Serrao, Vitor. Historia da Arte em Portugal IV-O Barroco. Lisbon: Presenca, 2003.

   ■ Smith, Robert C. The Art Of Portugal 1500-1800. New York: Meredith Press, 1968.

   ■ Sousa, Ernesto de. Presepios. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1998.

   ■ Cinema

   ■ Antunes, Joao and Jose de Matos-Cruz, Cinema Portugues 1896-1998. Lisbon: Lusomundo, 1997.

   ■ Bandeira, Jose Gomes. Porto: 100 anos de cinema portugues. Oporto: Camara Municipal do Porto, 1996. Duarte, Fernando. Primitivos do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Cinecultura, 1960.

   ■ Faria de Almeida, M., Resumo da Historia do Cinema. Lisbon: RTP, 1982. Nobre, Roberto. Singularidades do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Portugalia, n.d.

   ■ Pina, Luis de. Aventura do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Vega, 1977.

   ■. Documentarismo Portugues. Lisbon: IPC, 1977.

   ■. Panorama do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Terra Livre, 1978.

   ■. Historia do Cinema Portugues. Mem Martins: Europa-America, 1986.

   ■ Ribeiro, Felix. O Cinema Portugues antes do Sonoro. Esboco Historiconema Portugues. Lisbon: Terra Livre, 1978.

   ■. Panorama do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: n.d.

   ■ Children's Literature

   ■ Andresen, Sofia de Melo Breyner. A Fada Oriana. 9th ed. Lisbon: Figueiri-nhas, 1985.

   ■ Araújo, Matilde Rosa. A estrada fascinante. Lisbon: Livros Horizonte, 1988. Barreto, Garcia. Literatura Para Crianças E Jovens Em Portugal. Oporto:

   ■ Campo Das Letras, 1998. Bastos, Glória. A escrita para crianças em Portugal no seculo XIX. Lisbon:

   ■ Caminho da Educaçao, 1997. Cadet, Maria Rita Chiappe. Os Contos da Mamã. Lisbon: Lallement Freres, 1883.

   ■ Castro, Fernanda. Mariazinha em Africa, 2nd ed. Lisbon: Portugália, 1947. Cross, Esther, and Wilbur Cross. Portugal. Chicago: Childrens Press, 1986. DeSkalon, Anna, and Christa Stadtler. We Live in Portugal. New York: Watts, 1987.

   ■ Gomes, Alice. A Nau Catrineta, 2nd ed. Lisbon: Portugália, 1973.

   ■. A literatura para a infância. Lisbon: Torres & Abreu, 1979.

   ■ Letria, José Jorge. Do sentimento mágico da vida. Lisbon: Escritor, 1994. Müller, Adolfo Simões. Historiazinha de Portugal, 6th ed. Oporto: Tavares Martins, 1983.

   ■ Osório, Ana de Castro. Para as crianças. Illustr. by Leal da Câmara. Setúbal: Liv. Crianças, 1908.

   ■ Pires, Maria Laura Bettencourt. História da literatura infantil portuguesa. Lisbon: Vega, 1981. Ribeiro, Aquilino. Arca de Noé-III Classe. Lisbon, 1989. Rocha, Natércia. Breve História da Literatura para Crianças em Portugal. Lisbon: Instituto de Cultura e Língua Portuguesa, 1984.

   ■. Bibliografia geral da literatura portuguesa para crianças. Lisbon: Edit. Comunicação, 1987.

   ■ Sá, Domingos Guimarães de. A literatura infantil em Portugal. Braga: Edit. Franciscana, 1981.

   ■ Selfridge. John. Portugal. New York: Chelsea House, 1990. Vaz de Carvalho, Maria Amália. Contos para os Nossos Filhos, 11th ed. Oporto: Barreira, 1947.

   ■ Viana, António Manuel Couto. Jõao de Deus e um século de literatura infantil em Portugal. Lisbon: Ed. do Templo, 1978.

   ■ Lisbon, Capital City, in History and Literature

   ■ Castelo-Branco, Fernando. Lisboa Seiscentista, 3rd ed. Lisbon: 1969.

   ■ Castilho, Júlio de. Lisboa Antiga, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1935-45.

   ■ Couto, Dejanirah. Histoire de Lisbonne. Paris: Fayard, 2000.

   ■ Crespo, Ángel. Lisboa Mítica e Literária. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1987.

   ■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Lisboa Desaparecida. Lisbon: Quimera, 1990.

   ■ Dionísio, Sant'anna, ed. Guia de Portugal. Vol. I: Lisboa e Arredores. Lisbon: Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, 1924, orig. ed; reprint, Gulbenkian Foundation, 1979.

   ■ França, José-Augusto. Lisboa Pombalina e o Iluminismo. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1977.

   ■ Moita, Irisalva, ed. O Livro de Lisboa. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1994.

   ■ Neves, Orlando. Lisboa em Crónica. Lisbon: Author's Ed., 1968.

   ■ Pavão, Luís, and Mário Pereira. Tabernas de Lisboa. Lisbon: Assírio & Alvim, 1981.

   ■ Pessoa, Fernando. Lisboa. O que o turista deve ver: What the Tourist Should See. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1997.

   ■ Queirós, José Maria Eça de. À Capital. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1960.

   ■ Santos, Piedade Braga, et al. Lisboa Setecentista vista por Estrangeiros. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1996.

   ■ Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa. Lisbon: Caminho, 1993.

   ■ Wright, David, and Patrick Swift. Lisbon: A Portrait and Guide. New York: Scribners, 1971.

   ■ The Inquisition in History

   ■ Azevedo, João Lúcio. Historia das Cristãos-Novos. Lisbon: Liv. Clássica, 1975.

   ■ Baião, António. A Inquisição em Portugal e no Brasil: Subsídios para a sua história. Lisbon: Arquivo Histórico Portugues, 1906. Bethencourt, Francisco. "Portugal: A Scrupulous Inquisition," In Bengt Ankarloo and Gustav Henningsen, eds., Early Modern Witchcraft: Centres and Peripheries, 403-22. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.

   ■. "Os equilíbrios sociais do Poder." In José Mattoso, ed., Historia De Portugal, Vol. 3, No Alvorecer Da Modernidade ( 1480-1620). Lisbon: Estampa, 1993.

   ■. História das Inquisições: Portugal, Espanha e Itália. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1994.

   ■ Braga, Maria Luísa. A Inquisição em Portugal na primeira metade do Séc. XVIII. Lisbon: Inst. Nacional de Investigação Científica, 1992.

   ■ Haliczer, Stephen, ed. Inquisition and Society in Early Modern Europe. London: Croom Helm, 1987.

   ■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. Reprint. New York: AMS Press, 1968.

   ■ Magalhães, Joaquim Romero. "Em Busca dos Tempos da Inquisição (15731615)." Revista de História das Ideias 9 (1987): 191-228.

   ■ Mea, Elvira Cunha Azevedo. A Inquisição de Coimbra no Século XVI. Oporto, 1989.

   ■ Mendonça, José Lourenço D. de, and António Joaquim Moreira. História da Inquisição em Portugal. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1980.

   ■ Novinsky, Anita, and Luísa M. Carneiro, eds. Inquisição: Ensaios sobre Mentalidade, Heresias e Arte. Rio de Janeiro: Expressão e Cultura, 1992.

   ■ Pereira, Isais da Rosa. Documentos para a história da Inquisição em Portugal. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Rego, Yvonne Cunha, ed. Feiticeiros, Profetas e Visionários: Textos Antigos Portugueses. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional e Casa da Moeda, 1981.

   ■ Saraiva, António José. Inquisição e cristãos-novos. Lisbon: Estampa, 1985.

   ■ Walker, Timothy Dale. "Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Popular Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment Era." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of History, Boston University, 2001.

   ■ Literature in English Translation: Selection

   ■ Alcaforado, Mariana. The Letters of a Portuguese Nun ( Mariana Alcaforado). Edgar Prestage, trans. London: D. Nutt, 1893.

   ■ Andrade, Eugénio de. "White on White." Alexis Levitin, trans. Quarterly Review of Literature. Poetry Series VIII. Vol. 27. Princeton, N.J., 1987.

   ■. Another Name for Earth; O outro nome da terra. Alexis Levitin, trans. Ft. Bragg, Calif.: QED Press, 1997.

   ■ Andresen, Sophia de Mello Breyner. Marine Rose: Selected Poems. Ruth Fain-light, trans. Redding Ridge, Conn.: Swan Books, 1989.

   ■ Antunes, António Lobo. South of Nowhere. Elizabeth Lowe, trans. New York: Random House, 1983.

   ■. Fado Alexandrino. Gregory Rabassa, trans. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1990.

   ■. An Explanation of the Birds. Richard Zenith, trans. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1991.

   ■. Act of the Damned. New York: Grove Press, 1995.

   ■. The Natural Order of Things. New York: Grove Press, 2000.

   ■ Barreno, Maria Isabel, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. The Three Marias: New Portuguese Letters. Helen R. Lane, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1975.

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. Poems from the Portuguese ( with the Portuguese text). A.

   ■ Bell, trans. Oxford: Blackwell, 1913.

   ■ Camões, Luís de. The Lusiads of Luís de Camões. Leonard Bacon, trans. New York: Hispanic Society of America, 1950.

   ■. The Lusiads. William C. Atkinson, trans. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1952.

   ■. The Lusiads. Landeg White, trans. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

   ■ Castelo Branco, Camilo. Doomed Love ( A Family Memoir). Alice R. Clemente, trans Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1995. Castro, José Maria Ferreira de. Emigrants. Dorothy Ball, trans. New York: Macmillan, 1962.

   ■. Jungle. Charles Duff, trans. New York: Viking, 1935.

   ■. The Mission. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1963.

   ■ Dantas, Júlio. The Cardinals' Collation, 48th ed. A. Saintsbury, trans. London, 1962.

   ■ Dias de Melo. Dark Stones. Gregory McNab, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1996.

   ■ Dinis, Júlio. The Fidalgos of Casa Mourisca. Rosanna Dabney, trans. Boston: D. Lothrop, 1891.

   ■ Garrett, Almeida. Brother Luiz de Sousa [play]. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: Elkin Mathess, 1909.

   ■. Travels in My Homeland. John M. Parker, trans. London: Peter Owen and UNESCO, 1987. Griffin, Jonathan. Camões: Some Poems Translated from the Portuguese by Jonathan Griffin. London: Menard Press, 1976. Jorge, Lídia. The Murmuring Coast. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995.

   ■ Lisboa, Eugénio, ed. Portuguese Short Fiction. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1997.

   ■ Lopes, Fernão. The English in Portugal 1367-87: Extracts from the Chronicles of Dom Fernando and Dom João. Derek W. Lomax and R. J. Oakley, eds. and trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.

   ■ Macedo, Helder, ed. Contemporary Portuguese Poetry: An Anthology in English. Helder Macedo, et al., trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet New Press, 1978.

   ■ Martins, J. P. De Oliveira. A History of Iberian Civilization. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans.; preface by Salvador de Madariaga. New York: Cooper Square, 1969.

   ■ Mendes Pinto, Fernão. The Travels of Mendes Pinto [Orig. title: Peregrinação].

   ■ Rebecca D. Catz, trans., with introduction and notes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989. Miguéis, José Rodrigues. A Man Smiles at Death with Half a Face. George

   ■ Monteiro, trans. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1991.

   ■. Happy Easter. John Byrne, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.

   ■. Steerage and Ten Other Stories. George Monteiro, ed. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1998. Monteiro, Luís De Sttau. The Rules of the Game. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1965.

   ■ Mourão-Ferreira, David. Lucky in Love. Christine Robinson, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1999. Namora, Fernando. Field of Fate. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1970.

   ■. Mountain Doctor. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1956.

   ■ Nemésio, Vitorino. Inclement Weather over the Channel. Francisco Cota Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1993.

   ■. Stormy Isles: An Azorean Tale. Francisco C. Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 2000.

   ■ Paço D'Arcos, Joaquim. Memoirs of a Banknote. Robert Lyle, trans. London, 1968.

   ■ Pedroso, Consiglieri, comp. Portuguese Folk-Tales. Henriqueta Monteiro, trans. Reprint of orig. 1882 ed. New York: Benjamin Blom, 1969.

   ■ Pessoa, Fernando. Fernando Pessoa: Sixty Portuguese Poems. F. E. G. Quintanilha, ed. and trans. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1971.

   ■. Selected Poems: Fernando Pessoa. 2nd rev. ed. Jonathan Griffin, trans. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1982.

   ■. The Book of Disquiet. Alfred MacAdams, trans. New York: Pantheon, 1991.

   ■. Fernando Pessoa: Selected Poems. Peter Rickard, ed. and trans. Edinburgh, U.K.: Edinburgh University Press, 1991.

   ■. "The Mariner: A 'Static Drama' in One Act." In Translation: Portugal.

   ■ George Ritchie, et al., trans. The Journal of Literary Translation. Vol. XXV, 38-56. New York: Translation Center, Columbia University, 1991.

   ■. Message: Bilingual Edition. Jonathan Griffin, trans. London: Menard Press and King's College, 1992.

   ■ Pires, José Cardoso. Ballad of a Dog's Beach. Mary Fitton, trans. London: J. M. Dent, 1986.

   ■ Queirós, José Maria Eça de. Cousin Bazilio. Roy Campbell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1953.

   ■. The Relic. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1954.

   ■. The City and the Mountains. Roy Campbell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1955.

   ■. The Sin of Father Amaro. Nan Flanagan, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1962.

   ■. The Maias. Patricia McGowan Pinheiro, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1965.

   ■. The Illustrious House of Ramires. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1968.

   ■. Letters from England. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1970.

   ■. To the Capital. John Vetch, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.

   ■ Quental, Antero de. Sixty-four Sonnets. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: David Nutt, 1894.

   ■ Redol, Alves. The Man with Seven Names. L. L. Barrett, trans. New York: Knopf, 1964.

   ■ Resende, André de. André deResende's 'Poema Latina'/ 'Latinpoems.' J. C. R. Martyn, ed. and trans. Lewiston N.Y.: Lampeter and Edwin Mellen, 1998. Ribeiro, Aquilino. When the Wolves Howl. Patricia McGowan Pinheiro, trans. New York: Macmillan; London: Cape, 1963. Sá Carneiro, Mário de. The Great Shadow ( and Other Stories). Margaret Jull Costa, trans. Sawtry, U.K.: Dedalus, 1996. Santareno, Bernardo. The Promise. Nelson H. Vieira, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1981.

   ■ Saramago, José. Baltasar and Blimunda. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1987.

   ■. The Stone Raft. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1991.

   ■. The Year of the Death of Ricardo Reis. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1991.

   ■. The History of the Siege of Lisbon. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1996.

   ■. Blindness. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1999.

   ■. Tale of the Unknown Island. New York: Harcourt Brace, 2000.

   ■. All the Names. Margaret Jull Costa, trans. New York: Harcourt, 2000.

   ■. Journey to Portugal. New York: Harcourt Brace, 2001.

   ■ Sena, Jorge de. The Poetry of Jorge de Sena: A Bilingual Selection. Frederick G. Williams et al., trans. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Mudborn Press, 1980.

   ■. By the Rivers of Babylon and Other Stories. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1989.

   ■ Vicente, Gil. Four Plays of Gil Vicente: Edited from the Editio Princeps ( 1562). Aubrey F. G. Bell, ed. and trans. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1920.

   ■. Lyrics of Gil Vicente. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Hispanic Notes and Monographs, Portuguese Series 1, 1921.

   ■. The Play of Rubena. Jack E. Tomlins, trans.; Rene P. Garay and José I. Suarez, eds. New York: National Hispanic Foundation for Humanities, 1993.

   ■. The Boat Plays. David Johnston, trans. and adaptation. London: Oberon, 1996.

   ■. Three Discovery Plays. Anthony Lappin, trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1997.

   ■ Vieira, António. Dust Thou Art. Rev. W. Anderson, trans. London, 1882.

   ■ Portuguese and Portuguese-American Cooking: Cuisine

   ■ Anderson, Jean. Food of Portugal. New York: Hearst, 1994. Asselin, E. Donald. A Portuguese-American Cookbook. Rutland, Vt.: Charles E. Tuttle, 1966.

   ■ Bourne, Ursula. Portuguese Cookery. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1973. Crato, Maria Helena Tavares. Cozinha Portuguesa I, II. Lisbon: Editorial Presença, 1978.

   ■ Dienhart, Miriam, and Anne Emerson, ed. Cooking in Portugal. Cascais: American Women of Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Feibleman, Peter S. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. New York: Time-Life Books; Foods of the World, 1969.

   ■ Koehler, Margaret H. Recipes from the Portuguese of Provincetown. Riverside, Conn.: Chatham Press, 1973. Manjny, Maite. The Home Book of Portuguese Cookery. London: Faber & Faber, 1974.

   ■ Marques, Susan Lowndes. Good Food from Spain and Portugal. London: Muller, 1956.

   ■ Modesto, Maria de Lourdes. Cozinha Tradicional Portuguesa. Lisbon: Verbo, 1982.

   ■ Ortiz, Elisabeth Lambert. The Food of Spain and Portugal. The Complete Iberian Cuisine. New York: Atheneum, 1989. Pinto, Elvira. La Bonne Cuisine Portugaise. Paris: Edicions Garanciere, 1985.

   ■ Robertson, Carol. Portuguese Cooking: The Authentic and Robust Cuisine of Portugal. Berkeley Calif.: North Atlantic, 1993. Schmaeling, Tony. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. Ware, U.K.: Omega, 1983.

   ■ Vieira, Édite. The Taste of Portugal. London: Robinson, 1989.

   ■ Von Treskow, Maria. Zü Gast in Portugal: Eine Kulnarische Reise in Garten Europas. Weingarten: Kunstverlag, 1989. Wright, Carol. Portuguese Food. London: Dent, 1969.

   ■. Self-catering in Portugal: Making the Most of Local Food and Drink. London: Croom Helm, 1986.

   ■ Gardens and Gardening of Portugal and Madeira

   ■ Afonso, Simonetta Luz, and Angela Delaforce. Palace of Queluz— The Gardens. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■ Araújo, Iluídio Alves de. Arte Paisagista e Arte das Jardins em Portugal. Lisbon, 1962.

   ■ Azeredo, Francisco de. Casas Senhoriais Portuguesas. Barcelos, 1986.

   ■ Binney, Marcus. Country Manors of Portugal. New York: Scala Books, 1987.

   ■ Bowe, Patrick, and Nicolas Sapieha. Gardens of Portugal. New York: Scala Books and Harper and Row, 1989.

   ■ Cane, Florence du. The Flowers and Gardens of Madeira. London, 1924.

   ■ Cardoso, Pedro Homem, and Helder Carita. Da Grandeza das Jardins em Portugal. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Carita, Helder, and Homem Cardoso. Portuguese Gardens. London: Antique Collector's Club, 1987.

   ■ Costa, António da, and Luís de O. Franquinho. Madeira: Plantas e Floras. Funchal, 1986.

   ■ Nichols, Rose Standish. Spanish and Portuguese Gardens. Boston, 1926.

   ■ Pereira, Arthur D. Sintra and Its Farm Manors. Sintra, 1983.

   ■ Sampaio, Gonçalo. Flora Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1946.

   ■ Sitwell, Sacheverell. Portugal and Madeira. London: Batsford, 1945.

   ■ Underwood, John, and Pat Underwood. Landscapes of Madeira. London, 1980.

   ■ Vieira, Rui. Flowers of Madeira. Funchal, 1973.

   ■ Viterbo, Francisco Marques de Sousa. A Jardinagem em Portugal, 2 vols. Coimbra, 1906-9.

   ■ Education, Science, Health, and Medical History

   ■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Estudos de História, 3 vols. Coimbra, 1973-81.

   ■. Ciência e experiência nos Descobrimentos portugueses. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■. Para a História de Ciência em Portugal. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■. As Navegaçoes E A Sua Projecção Na Ciência E Na Cultura. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Baião, Antônio. Episódios Dramáticos da Inquisição Portuguesa, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1936-55.

   ■ Cabreira, Antônio. Portugal nos mares e nas ciências. Lisbon, 1929. Carvalho, Rômulo de. A Astronomia em Portugal (séc. xviii). Lisbon, 1985. Fernandes, Barahona. Egas Moniz: Pioneiro de descobrimentos médicos. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Gaitonde, P. D. Portuguese Pioneers in India: Spotlight on Medicine. London: Sangam Books, 1983.

   ■ Hanson, Carl A. "Portuguese Cosmology in the Late Seventeenth Century." In Benjamin F. Taggie and Richard W. Clement, eds., Iberia & the Mediterranean, 75-85. Warrensburg: Central Missouri State University, 1989.

   ■ Higgins, Michael H., and Charles F. S. de Winton. Survey of Education in Portugal. London, 1942.

   ■ Hirsch, Elizabeth Feist. Damião de Góis: The Life and Thought of a Portuguese Humanist. The Hague, 1967.

   ■ Lemos, Maximiano. Arquivos de História da Medicina Portuguesa. Several vols. Lisbon, 1886-1923. Vol. I. História da Medicina em Portugal. Doutrina e Instituições. Lisbon, 1899.

   ■ Mira, Matias Ferreira de. História da Medicina Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ Orta, Garcia de. Colóquios dos Simples e Drogas e Cousas Medicinais da India. Conde de Ficalho, ed., 2 vols. Lisbon, 1891-95.

   ■ Osório, J. Pereira. História e Desenvolvimento da Ciência em Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1986-89.

   ■ Pina, Luís de. "Uma prioridade portuguesa do século XVI. João de Barros e a Dactiloscópia Oriental." Arquivo da Repartição de Antropologia Criminal IV (1936).

   ■. "As Ciências na História do Império Colonial Português — Séculos XV a XIX." Anais de Faculdade de Ciências do Porto ( 1939-10).

   ■. "Os Portugueses Mestres de Ciência e Metras no Estrangeiro." Actas do Congresso do Mundo Português. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■. "A Ciência em Portugal (bosquejo Histórico)." In Secretariado Nacional da Informação, ed., Portugal: Breviário Da Pátria Para Os Portugueses Ausentes, 277-301. Lisbon, 1946.

   ■ Richards, Robert A. C., ed. Guide to World Science: Vol. 9: Spain and Portugal, 2nd ed. Guernsey, U.K.: F. H. Books, 1974.

   ■ Saraiva, António José. História da Cultura em Portugal, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1950-62.

   ■ ———. "João de Barros." In Serrao, ed., Dicionário de História de Portugal 1 (1963): 307-8.

   ■ Silvestre Ribeiro, José. História dos Establecimentos Scientíficos, Literários e Artísticos de Portugal nos Successivos Reinados da Monarchia, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1871-83.

   ■ Veiga-Pires, J. A., and Ronald G. Grainger, eds. Pioneers in Angiography: The Portuguese School ofAngiography. Lancaster, U.K.: MTP Press, 1982.

   ■ Walker, Timothy. "Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Popular Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment Era." Ph.D. dissertation, History Department, Boston University, 2001.

   ■ Feminism and Women's Studies

   ■ Barbosa, Madelena. "Women in Portugal." Women's Studies International Quarterly 4 (1981): 477-80.

   ■ Barreno, Maria Isabel, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. Novas Cartas Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1972.

   ■ ———. The Three Marias. New Portuguese Letters. Helen R. Lane, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1975.

   ■ Brettell, Caroline B. We Have Already Cried Many Tears: The Stories of Three Portuguese Migrant Women. Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman, 1982.

   ■ Ferreira, Virginia. "Engendering Portugal: Social Change, State Politics, and Women's Social Mobilization." In António Costa Pinto, ed., Modern Portugal, 162-88. Palo Alto, Calif.: SPOSS, 1998.

   ■ Goodwin, Mary. "Portuguese Feminism." Portuguese Studies Newsletter 17 (Spring-Summer 1987): 12-13.

   ■ Lamas, Maria. As Mulheres do Meu País. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ "Mulheres Portuguesas e Feminismo." Análise Social [special number on Portuguese Women and Feminism] 22 (1986): 92-93.

   ■ Osório, Ana de Castro. As Mulheres Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1905.

   ■ Sadlier, Darlene J. The Question of How: Women Writers and New Portuguese Literature. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood; Contributions in Women's Studies, no. 109, 1989.

   ■ Silva, Manuela. The Employment of Women in Portugal. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications, European Communities, 1984. Velho da Costa, Maria. Maina Mendes. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Vicente, Ana, and Maria Reynolds de Souza. Family Planning in Portugal. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Religion and Catholic Church

   ■ Almeida, Fortunato de. História da Igreja em Portugal. 6 vols. Coimbra, 1910-24, and Oporto, 1967-72. Alonso, Joaquim Maria. The Secret of Fátima: Fact and Legend. Cambridge, Mass.: Ravengate Press, 1979. Alves, José da Felicidade, ed. Católicos e política de Humberto Delgado à Marcelo Caetano. Lisbon, 1969. Araújo, Miguel de, ed. Dicionario político; 1; Os Bispos e a revoluçao de Abril. Lisbon, 1976. Bishko, Charles Julian. Spanish and Portuguese Monastic History 600-1300. London, Variorum Reprints, 1984.

   ■ Blanshard, Paul. Freedom and Catholic Power in Spain and Portugal. Boston: Beacon Press, 1962.

   ■ Boxer, C. R. The Church Militant and Iberian Expansion 1440-1770. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978. Bruneau, Thomas C. "Church and State in Portugal: Crises of Cross and Sword." Journal of Church and State XVIII (1976): 463-90. Freire, José Geraldes. Resistência Católico ao Salazarismo-Marcelismo. Oporto, 1976.

   ■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. John C. Banner, trans. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1962.

   ■ IPOPE. Estudo sobre liberdade e religião em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973. Johnston, Francis. Fátima: The Great Sign. Chulmleigh, U.K.: Augustine Publications, 1980.

   ■ Kondor, Fr. Louis. Fátima in Lucia's Own Words: Sister Lucia's Memoirs. Fatima: Postulation Center, 1976. Lourenço, Joaquim Maria. Situação jurídica da Igreja em Portugal. Coimbra, 1943.

   ■ Mattoso, José. Religião e Cultura na Idade Média Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1982. Miller, Samuel J. Portugal and Rome c. 1748-1830: An Aspect of Catholic Enlightenment. Rome: Universita Gregoriana Editrice, 1978. O'Malley, John W. The First Jesuits. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993.

   ■ Pattee, Richard. Portugal and the Portuguese World. Milwaukee, Wisc.: Bruce, 1957.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. Portugal: A Pioneer of Christianity. Lisbon, 1945.

   ■ Richard, Robert. Etudes sur l'histoire morale et religieuse de Portugal. Paris: Centro Cultural de Gulbenkian, 1970.

   ■ Robinson, Richard A. H. "The Religious Question and Catholic Revival in Portugal, 1900-1930." Journal of Contemporary History XII (1977): 345-62.

   ■. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, R. P. Francisco. História da Companhia de Jesus na Assistência de Portugal, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1931-50.

   ■ Roth, Cecil. A History of the Marranos. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1932.

   ■ Agriculture, Viticulture, and Fishing

   ■ Abreu-Ferreira, Darlene. "The Portuguese in Newfoundland: Documentary Evidence Examined." Portuguese Studies Review 4, 1 (1995-96): 11-33.

   ■ Allen, H. Warner. The Wines of Portugal. London: Michael Joseph, 1963.

   ■ Barros, Afonso de. A reforma agrária em Portugal. Oeiras, 1979.

   ■ Beamish, Huldine V. The Hills of Alentejo. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1958.

   ■ Bennett, Norman R. "The Golden Age of the Port Wine System, 1781-1807." The International History Review XII (1990): 221-18.

   ■ Black, Richard. "The Myth of Subsistence: Market Production in the Small Farm Sector of Northern Portugal." Iberian Studies 1, 8 (1989): 25-41.

   ■ Bravo, Pedro, and Duarte de Oliveira. Viticulture Moderna. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. Vinhas e Vinhos De Portugal. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Cabral, Manuel V. "Agrarian Structures and Recent Movements in Portugal." Journal of Peasant Studies 4, 5 (July 1978): 411-45.

   ■ Cardoso, José Carvalho. A Agricultura Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Carvalho, Bento de. Guía Dos Vinhos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Clarke, Robert. Open Boat Whaling in the Azores: The History and Present Methods of a Relic Industry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954.

   ■ Cockburn, Ernest. Port Wine and Oporto. London: Wine & Spirit, 1949. Cole, S. C. "Cod, Cod Country and Family: The Portuguese Newfoundland Fishery." Mast 3, 1 (1990): 1-29.

   ■ Coull, James. The Fisheries of Europe. London: G. Bell & Sons, 1972.

   ■ Croft-Cooke, Rupert. Port. London: Putnam, 1957.

   ■. Madeira. London: Putnam, 1961.

   ■ Delaforce, John. The Factory House at Oporto. London: Christie's Wine Publications, 1979 and later eds.

   ■ Doel, Patricia A. Port O'Call: Memories of the Portuguese White Fleet in St. John's Newfoundland. St. John's, Newfoundland: ISER, 1992.

   ■ Fletcher, Wyndham. Port: An Introduction to Its History and Delights. London: Bernet, 1978.

   ■ Francis, A. D. The Wine Trade. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1972.

   ■ Freitas, Eduardo, João Ferreira de Almeida, and Manuel Villaverde Cabral. Modalidades de penetração do capitalismo na agricultura: estruturas agrárias em Portugal Continental, 1950-1970. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Gonçalves, Francisco Esteves. Portugal: A Wine Country. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Gulbenkian Foundation. Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Kurlansky, Mark. Cod: A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World. New York: Walker, 1997.

   ■ Malefakis, Edward. "Two Iberian Land Reforms Compared: Spain, 1931-1936 and Portugal, 1974—1978." In Gulbenkian Foundation, Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Moreira da Fonseca, A. Port Wine: Notes on Its History, Production and Technology. Oporto, 1981.

   ■ Moutinho, M. História da pesca do bacalhau. Lisbon: Imprensa Universitária, 1985.

   ■ Oliveira Marques, A. H. de. lntrodução a história da agricultura em Portugal.

   ■ Lisbon, 1968. Pato, Octávio. O Vinho. Lisbon, 1971.

   ■ Pearson, Scott R. Portuguese Agriculture in Transition. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987.

   ■ Postgate, Raymond. Portuguese Wine. London: Dent, 1969.

   ■ Read, Jan. The Wines of Portugal. London: Faber & Faber, 1982.

   ■ Robertson, George. Port. London: Faber & Faber, 1982 ed.

   ■ Rutledge, Ian. "Land Reform and the Portuguese Revolution." Journal of Peasant Studies 5, 1 (Oct. 1977): 79-97.

   ■ Sanceau, Elaine. The British Factory at Oporto. Oporto, 1970.

   ■ Simon, Andre L. Port. London: Constable, 1934.

   ■ Simões, J. Os grandes trabalhadores do Mar: Reportagens na Terra Nova e na Groenlândia. Lisbon: Gazeta dos Caminho de Ferro, 1942.

   ■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992: Special Report. New York: Camões Center/RIIC, Columbia University, 1990.

   ■ Stanislawski, Dan. Landscapes of Bacchus: The Vine in Portugal. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1970.

   ■ Teixeira, Carlos, and Victor M. Pereira da Rosa, eds. The Portuguese in Canada: From the Seat to the City. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.

   ■ Unwin, Tim. "Farmers' Perceptions of Agrarian Change in Northwest Portugal." Journal of Rural Studies 1, 4 (1985): 339-57.

   ■ Valadão do Valle, E. Bacalhau: tradições históricas e económicos. Lisbon, 1991.

   ■ Venables, Bernard. Baleia! The Whalers of Azores. London: Bodley Head, 1968.

   ■ Villiers, Alan. The Quest of the Schooner Argus: A Voyage to the Banks and Greenland. New York: Scribners, 1951. World Bank. Portugal: Agricultural Survey. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.

   ■ ECONOMY, INDUSTRY, AND DEVELOPMENT

   ■ Aiyer, Srivain, and Shahid A. Chandry. Portugal and the E.E.C.: Employment and Implications. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Baklanoff, Eric N. The Economic Transformation of Spain and Portugal. New York: Praeger, 1978.

   ■. "Changing Systems: The Portuguese Revolution and the Public Enterprise Sector." ACES ( Association of Comparative Economic Studies) Bulletin 26 (Summer-Fall 1984): 63-76.

   ■. "Portugal's Political Economy: Old and New." In K. Maxwell and M. Haltzel, eds., Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy, 37-59. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.

   ■ Barbosa, Manuel P. Growth, Migration and the Balance of Payments in a Small, Open Economy. New York: Garland, 1984.

   ■ Braga de Macedo, Jorge, and Simon Serfaty, eds. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1981.

   ■ Carvalho, Camilo, et al. Sabotagem Econômica: " Dossier" Banco Espírito Santo e Comercial de Lisboa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Corkill, David. The Development of the Portuguese Economy: A Case of Euro-peanization. London: Routledge, 1999.

   ■ Cravinho, João. "The Portuguese Economy: Constraints and Opportunities." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 111-65. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Dornsbusch, Rudiger, Richard S. Eckhaus, and Lane Taylor. "Analysis and Projection of Macroeconomic Conditions in Portugal." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 299-330. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ The Economist (London). "On the Edge of Europe: A Survey of Portugal." (June 30, 1981): 3-27.

   ■. "Coming Home: A Survey of Portugal." (May 28, 1988).

   ■. 'The New Iberia: Not Quite Kissing Cousins" [Spain and Portugal]. (May 5, 1990): 21-24.

   ■ Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian and German Marshall Fund of the U.S., eds. II Conferência Internacional sobre e Economia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Hudson, Mark. Portugal to 1993: Investing in a European Future. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit/Special Report No. 11 57/EIU Economic Prospects Series, 1989.

   ■ International Labour Office (ILO). Employment and Basic Needs in Portugal. Geneva: ILO, 1979.

   ■ Kavalsky, Basil, and Surendra Agarwal. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.

   ■ Krugman, Paul, and Jorge Braga de Macedo. "The Economic Consequences of the April 25th Revolution." Economia III (1979): 455-83.

   ■ Lewis, John R., and Alan M. Williams. "The Sines Project: Portugal's Growth Centre or White Elephant?" Town Planning Review 56, 3 (1985): 339-66.

   ■ Makler, Harry M. "The Consequences of the Survival and Revival of the Industrial Bourgeoisie." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 251-83. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Marques, A. La Politique Economique Portugaise dans la Période de la Dictature ( 1926-1974). Doctoral thesis, 3rd cycle, University of Grenoble, France, 1980.

   ■ Martins, B. Sociedades e grupos em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Mata, Eugenia, and Nuno Valério. História Econômica De Portugal: Uma Perspectiva Global. Lisbon: Edit. Presença, 1994. Murteira, Mário. "The Present Economic Situation: Its Origins and Prospects." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 331-42. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979. OCED. Economic Survey: Portugal: 1988. Paris: OCED, 1988 [see also this series since 1978].

   ■ Pasquier, Albert. L'Economie du Portugal: Données et Problémes de Son Expansion. Paris: Librarie Generale de Droit, 1961. Pereira da Moura, Francisco. Para onde vai e economia portuguesa? Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Pintado, V. Xavier. Structure and Growth of the Portuguese Economy. Geneva: EFTA, 1964.

   ■ Pitta e Cunha, Paulo. "Portugal and the European Economic Community." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 321-38. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. "The Portuguese Economic System and Accession to the European Community." In E. Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 281-300. Lisbon, 1985. Porto, Manuel. "Portugal: Twenty Years of Change." In Alan Williams, ed., Southern Europe Transformed, 84-112. London: Harper & Row, 1984. Quarterly Economic Review. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit, 1974-present.

   ■ Salgado de Matos, Luís. Investimentos Estrangeiros em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973 and later eds.

   ■ Schmitt, Hans O. Economic Stabilisation and Growth in Portugal. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 1981.

   ■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992. New York: Camões Center, RIIC, Columbia University, 1989.

   ■ Tillotson, John. The Portuguese Bank Note Case [ 1920s]: Legal, Economic and Financial Approaches to the Measure of Damages in Contract. Manchester, U.K.: Faculty of Law, University of Manchester, 1992.

   ■ Tovias, Alfred. Foreign Economic Relations of the Economic Community: The Impact of Spain and Portugal. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1990.

   ■ Valério, Nuno. A moeda em Portugal, 1913-1947. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1984.

   ■. As Finanças Públicas Portuguesas Entre As Duas Guerras Mundiais. Lisbon: Cosmos, 1994.

   ■ World Bank. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978 and to the present.

   ■ PHOTOGRAPHY ON PORTUGAL

   ■ Alves, Afonso Manuel, Antônio Sacchetti, and Moura Machado. Lisboa. Lisbon, 1991.

   ■ Antunes, José. Lisboa do nosso olhar; A look on Lisbon. Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1991. Beaton, Cecil. Near East. London: Batsford, 1943.

   ■. Lisboa 1942: Cecil Beaton, Lisbon 1942. Lisbon: British Historical Society of Portugal/Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1995.

   ■ Bottineau, Yves. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1957.

   ■ Câmara Municipal de Lisboa. 7 Olhares ( Seven Viewpoints). Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1998.

   ■ Capital, A. Lisboa: Imagens d'A Capital. Lisbon: Edit. Notícias, 1984.

   ■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Photographias de Lisboa, 1900 ( Photographs of Lisbon, 1900). Lisbon: Quimera, 1991.

   ■. Os melhores postais antigos de Lisboa ( The best old postcards of Lisbon). Lisbon: Químera, 1995.

   ■ Finlayson, Graham, and Frank Tuohy. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1970.

   ■ Glassner, Helga. Portugal. Berlin-Zurich: Atlantis-Verlag, 1942. Hopkinson, Amanda, ed. Reflections by Ten Portuguese photographers. Bark-way, U.K.: Frontline/Portugal 600, 1996.

   ■ Lima, Luís Leiria, and Isabel Salema. Lisboa de Pedra e Bronze. Lisbon, 1990.

   ■ Martins, Miguel Gomes. Lisboa ribeirinha ( Riverside Lisbon). Lisbon: Arquivo Municipal, Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, Livros Horizonte, 1994. Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa ( This Lisbon). Lisbon: Caminho, 1994. Wohl, Hellmut, and Alice Wohl. Portugal. London: Frederick Muller, 1983.

   ■ EQUESTRIANISM

   ■ Andrade, Manoel Carlos de, Luz da Liberal e Nobre Arte da Cavallaria. Lisbon, 1790.

   ■ Graciosa, Filipe. Escola Portuguesa de Arte Equestre. Lisbon, 2004.

   ■ Horsetalk Magazine. Published in New Zealand.

   ■ Oliveira, Nuno. Reflections on the Equestrian Art. London, 2000.

   ■ Russell, Eleanor, ed. The Truth in the Teaching of Nuno Oliveira. Stanhope,

   ■ Queensland, Australia, 2003. Vilaca, Luis V., and Pedro Yglesias d'Oliveira, eds. LUSITANO. Coudelarias De Portugal. O Cavalo ancestral do Sudoeste da Europa. Lisbon: ICONOM, 2005.

   ■ Websites of interest: www.equestrian.pt portugalweb.com

Historical dictionary of Portugal > CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE
14 desencanto

m.

1 disappointment.

2 disenchantment, disillusion, discontent, disillusionment.

pres.indicat.

1^st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: desencantar.

* * *

desencanto

► nombre masculino

1 (pérdida del encantamiento) disenchantment

2 (desilusión) disillusionment, disappointment

* * *

SM disillusion, disillusionment, disenchantment

* * *

masculino disillusionment, disenchantment

* * *

= disenchantment, disillusionment, disillusionment, disillusion, letdown, turn-off.

Ex. The librarian's disenchantment with the library's invisible public was heightened by the fact that so few actual users made 'efficient' use of their local public libraries.

Ex. Chances for advancement were slim, and disillusionment at the lack of encouragement to participate in professional activities outside the job was rife.

Ex. Chances for advancement were slim, and disillusionment at the lack of encouragement to participate in professional activities outside the job was rife.

Ex. The author discusses the disillusion she developed with Italian politics and its failure to deliver properly funded nationwide public library system for Italy in the postwar period.

Ex. The budget was also a letdown to people disabled by their addiction to alcohol and cigarrettes.

Ex. Dr. James Houran discusses the different ways men and women show affection and addresses the top turn-ons and turn-offs with men and women.

* * *

masculino disillusionment, disenchantment

* * *

= disenchantment, disillusionment, disillusionment, disillusion, letdown, turn-off.

Ex: The librarian's disenchantment with the library's invisible public was heightened by the fact that so few actual users made 'efficient' use of their local public libraries.

Ex: Chances for advancement were slim, and disillusionment at the lack of encouragement to participate in professional activities outside the job was rife.

Ex: Chances for advancement were slim, and disillusionment at the lack of encouragement to participate in professional activities outside the job was rife.

Ex: The author discusses the disillusion she developed with Italian politics and its failure to deliver properly funded nationwide public library system for Italy in the postwar period.

Ex: The budget was also a letdown to people disabled by their addiction to alcohol and cigarrettes.

Ex: Dr. James Houran discusses the different ways men and women show affection and addresses the top turn-ons and turn-offs with men and women.

* * *

desencanto

masculine

disillusionment, disenchantment

* * *

Del verbo desencantar: ( conjugate desencantar)

desencanto es:

1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

desencantó es:

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

Multiple Entries:
desencantar
desencanto
desencanto sustantivo masculino
disillusionment, disenchantment
desencanto sustantivo masculino disenchantment
' desencanto' also found in these entries:
English:
discontent

* * *

desencanto nm

disappointment

* * *

desencanto

m fig

disillusionment, disenchantment

* * *

desencanto nm

: disenchantment, disillusionment

Spanish-English dictionary > desencanto
15 anhelar

v.

1 to long or wish for.

anhelar hacer algo to long to do something

2 to desire, to aspire after, to be sick for, to crave after.

3 to yearn to, to desire to, to long to, to look forward to.

4 to pine, to languish.

* * *

anhelar

► verbo transitivo

1 to long for, yearn for

■ anhela ser famosa she longs to be famous

* * *

verb

to long for, yearn for

* * *

1.

VT to long for, yearn for

anhelar hacer algo — to be eager to do sth, long to do sth

2.

VI (Med) to gasp, pant

* * *

verbo transitivo (liter) <fama/poder> to yearn for, to long for

anhelar + inf — to long to + inf, yearn to + inf

anhelaba que su hijo fuera feliz — his greatest wish was for his son to be happy

* * *

= itch for, long (for), crave, be more than ready for, gag for, covet, pine, lust (for/after/over), yearn, crave for.

Ex. It seems like he's itching for a change but doesn't know exactly the direction or directions to pursue in order to accomplish the change.

Ex. After you have chosen a story you long to tell, read it over and over and then analyse it.

Ex. Mayo maintained that workers are motivated by 'togetherness' and crave individual recognition within the group = Mayo mantenía que los trabajadores se motivan por la solidaridad y anhelan el reconocimiento individual dentro del grupo.

Ex. By the time the first Italian parliament was formed in 1861, Italy was more than ready for political union.

Ex. Ireland is gagging for affordable broadband, according to a survey of 1400 net users.

Ex. He coveted his brother's power and so started to spin a conspiracy in order to assassinate him and take his place both on the throne and on the wedding thalamus.

Ex. The 2.1 km trail is perfect for working up a thirst - just long enough to make you feel like you got a bit of exercise, but short enough that you aren't pining for very long.

Ex. These two women were Samaria and Jerusalem, lusting after foreigners and foreign ways, and abandoning their god for shallow and ephemeral pleasures.

Ex. Since time immemorial, people have yearned for an immediate way to capture living moments in a picture.

Ex. With all of the things that make up our daily grind, we often find ourselves craving for the next getaway, for the next relaxation period.

----

* anhelar ser = ache to be.

* * *

verbo transitivo (liter) <fama/poder> to yearn for, to long for

anhelar + inf — to long to + inf, yearn to + inf

anhelaba que su hijo fuera feliz — his greatest wish was for his son to be happy

* * *

= itch for, long (for), crave, be more than ready for, gag for, covet, pine, lust (for/after/over), yearn, crave for.

Ex: It seems like he's itching for a change but doesn't know exactly the direction or directions to pursue in order to accomplish the change.

Ex: After you have chosen a story you long to tell, read it over and over and then analyse it.

Ex: Mayo maintained that workers are motivated by 'togetherness' and crave individual recognition within the group = Mayo mantenía que los trabajadores se motivan por la solidaridad y anhelan el reconocimiento individual dentro del grupo.

Ex: By the time the first Italian parliament was formed in 1861, Italy was more than ready for political union.

Ex: Ireland is gagging for affordable broadband, according to a survey of 1400 net users.

Ex: He coveted his brother's power and so started to spin a conspiracy in order to assassinate him and take his place both on the throne and on the wedding thalamus.

Ex: The 2.1 km trail is perfect for working up a thirst - just long enough to make you feel like you got a bit of exercise, but short enough that you aren't pining for very long.

Ex: These two women were Samaria and Jerusalem, lusting after foreigners and foreign ways, and abandoning their god for shallow and ephemeral pleasures.

Ex: Since time immemorial, people have yearned for an immediate way to capture living moments in a picture.

Ex: With all of the things that make up our daily grind, we often find ourselves craving for the next getaway, for the next relaxation period.

* anhelar ser = ache to be.

* * *

anhelar [A1 ]

vt

( liter); ‹fama/gloria/poder› to yearn for, to long for anhelar + INF to long to + INF, yearn to + INF

anhelaba llevar una vida tranquila she longed o yearned to lead a peaceful life

anhelar QUE + SUBJ:

anhelaba que su hijo fuera feliz his deepest desire o greatest wish was for his son to be happy

* * *

anhelar ( conjugate anhelar) verbo transitivo (liter) ‹fama/poder› to yearn for, to long for;
◊ anhelar hacer algo to long to do sth, yearn to do sth;

anhelaba que su hijo fuera feliz his greatest wish was for his son to be happy
anhelar verbo transitivo to yearn for, to long for

' anhelar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
desear
- suspirar
English:
hanker
- itch
- long
- yearn

* * *

anhelar vt

to long for;

un político que anhela poder a politician who is hungry for power;

anhela tener su propia casa she longs to have a house of her own;

anhelan que acabe la guerra they are longing for the war to end

* * *

anhelar

v/t long for

* * *

anhelar vt

: to yearn for, to crave

Spanish-English dictionary > anhelar
16 delicado

adj.

1 delicate, frail, breakable, fragile.

2 touch-and-go, delicate, sensible.

3 finicky, overparticular about trivial details, fiddly, pernickety.

* * *

delicado

► adjetivo

1 (fino) delicate; (exquisito) exquisite; (refinado) refined

■ un color delicado a delicate colour

2 (difícil) delicate, difficult

■ una situación delicada a delicate situation

3 (enfermizo) frail, delicate

4 (frágil) fragile

5 (exigente) fussy, fastidious, hard to please

6 (cortés) refined, polite

7 (muy sensible) hypersensitive, extremely sensitive

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

manjar delicado delicacy

* * *

(f. - delicada)

adj.

1) delicate

2) fine

3) ill

4) sensitive

5) tactful

* * *

ADJ

1) (=suave) [tejido, piel] delicate; [tela] fine; [color] soft

2) (=frágil) [máquina] sensitive; [salud] delicate

está delicado del estómago — he has a delicate stomach

3) (=fino) [rasgos] delicate, fine; [gusto] delicate, subtle

4) (=difícil) [situación] delicate, tricky; [punto] sore; [tema] delicate

5) [persona] (=difícil de contentar) hard to please, fussy; (=sensible) hypersensitive; (=discreto) tactful; (=atento) considerate

es muy delicado con la comida — he's very choosy about his food *

* * *

- da adjetivo

1) ( fino) <rasgos/manos> delicate; < sabor> delicate, subtle; <lenguaje/modales> refined

2)

a) ( que requiere cuidados) <cerámica/cristal> fragile; < tela> delicate; < piel> sensitive

prendas delicadas — delicates, delicate garments

la delicada piel del bebé — the baby's delicate skin

b) ( refiriéndose a la salud) delicate

está delicado del estómago — his stomach's a little delicate

tiene el corazón delicado — he has a weak o bad heart

3) <asunto/cuestión/tema> delicate, sensitive; < situación> delicate, tricky

4)

a) ( melindroso) delicate, fussy

b) ( susceptible) touchy

* * *

= gentle [gentler -comp., gentlest -sup.], sensitive, tricky [trickier -comp., trickiest -sup.], delicate, ticklish, awkward, choosy [choosey] [choosier -comp., choosiest -sup.], touchy, frail, tender [tenderer -comp., tenderest -sup.], dainty [daintier -comp., daintiest -sup.], lissom(e), fragile, fussy [fussier -comp., fussiest -sup.], picky [pickier -comp., pickiest -sup.].

Ex. Melanie Stanton broke into a gentle laugh as she recalled him executing a shuffling fandango and announcing mischievously, 'Women in the SLA, get ready, here I come!'.

Ex. Numerous different models are available, ranging from models where communication is via a heat sensitive screen, through to terminals linked to an outside computer by a telephone line.

Ex. Bertrand Russell has written a great deal of sense about the tricky problem of individual liberty and achievement and its relationship to government control.

Ex. Despite the incompetence of most eighteenth-century block-makers, woodcuts never quite disappeared, and they returned to favour in the delicate form called 'wood-engraving' at the end of the hand-press period.

Ex. The vast majority of management problems, even those which seem at first glance to be wholly planning or organizing or controlling problems, usually turn out to be bristling with ticklish human relations problems.

Ex. Access is impaired by archaic, awkward, or simply strange headings that most normal persons would never look for on their first try.

Ex. I became a hungry reader who was not choosy at all about the food.

Ex. Censorship is a touchy subject with prison librarians.

Ex. Previous research has demonstrated that frail elderly living in subsidized high-rise apartments have greater unmet needs than elderly who reside in traditional community housing.

Ex. A single drawing can have a highly emotional impact and can be effective as either a heavy, bold statement or a tender reminder.

Ex. They then went to a rather dainty little Italian restaurant where they ate a scrumptious meal and drank a bottle of wine.

Ex. She is not just lissome and beautiful, but also cultured, artful, expressive, and energetic.

Ex. The material which carries the message is fragile.

Ex. Librarians are expected, by their popular media image, to be fussy, nit-picking, pedants.

Ex. If by chance she gets close to a boy that she likes she suddenly get very picky and think of all his negative points.

----

* asunto delicado = sore subject, sore spot, sore point, sensitive issue, hot potato.

* pregunta delicada = awkward question.

* ser muy delicado con la comida = be a picky eater.

* ser muy delicado para comer = be a picky eater.

* tejido muy delicado = gossamer.

* tema delicado = sore subject, sore spot, sore point, sensitive issue, hot potato.

* * *

- da adjetivo

1) ( fino) <rasgos/manos> delicate; < sabor> delicate, subtle; <lenguaje/modales> refined

2)

a) ( que requiere cuidados) <cerámica/cristal> fragile; < tela> delicate; < piel> sensitive

prendas delicadas — delicates, delicate garments

la delicada piel del bebé — the baby's delicate skin

b) ( refiriéndose a la salud) delicate

está delicado del estómago — his stomach's a little delicate

tiene el corazón delicado — he has a weak o bad heart

3) <asunto/cuestión/tema> delicate, sensitive; < situación> delicate, tricky

4)

a) ( melindroso) delicate, fussy

b) ( susceptible) touchy

* * *

= gentle [gentler -comp., gentlest -sup.], sensitive, tricky [trickier -comp., trickiest -sup.], delicate, ticklish, awkward, choosy [choosey] [choosier -comp., choosiest -sup.], touchy, frail, tender [tenderer -comp., tenderest -sup.], dainty [daintier -comp., daintiest -sup.], lissom(e), fragile, fussy [fussier -comp., fussiest -sup.], picky [pickier -comp., pickiest -sup.].

Ex: Melanie Stanton broke into a gentle laugh as she recalled him executing a shuffling fandango and announcing mischievously, 'Women in the SLA, get ready, here I come!'.

Ex: Numerous different models are available, ranging from models where communication is via a heat sensitive screen, through to terminals linked to an outside computer by a telephone line.

Ex: Bertrand Russell has written a great deal of sense about the tricky problem of individual liberty and achievement and its relationship to government control.

Ex: Despite the incompetence of most eighteenth-century block-makers, woodcuts never quite disappeared, and they returned to favour in the delicate form called 'wood-engraving' at the end of the hand-press period.

Ex: The vast majority of management problems, even those which seem at first glance to be wholly planning or organizing or controlling problems, usually turn out to be bristling with ticklish human relations problems.

Ex: Access is impaired by archaic, awkward, or simply strange headings that most normal persons would never look for on their first try.

Ex: I became a hungry reader who was not choosy at all about the food.

Ex: Censorship is a touchy subject with prison librarians.

Ex: Previous research has demonstrated that frail elderly living in subsidized high-rise apartments have greater unmet needs than elderly who reside in traditional community housing.

Ex: A single drawing can have a highly emotional impact and can be effective as either a heavy, bold statement or a tender reminder.

Ex: They then went to a rather dainty little Italian restaurant where they ate a scrumptious meal and drank a bottle of wine.

Ex: She is not just lissome and beautiful, but also cultured, artful, expressive, and energetic.

Ex: The material which carries the message is fragile.

Ex: Librarians are expected, by their popular media image, to be fussy, nit-picking, pedants.

Ex: If by chance she gets close to a boy that she likes she suddenly get very picky and think of all his negative points.

* asunto delicado = sore subject, sore spot, sore point, sensitive issue, hot potato.

* pregunta delicada = awkward question.

* ser muy delicado con la comida = be a picky eater.

* ser muy delicado para comer = be a picky eater.

* tejido muy delicado = gossamer.

* tema delicado = sore subject, sore spot, sore point, sensitive issue, hot potato.

* * *

delicado -da

adjective

A (fino) ‹rasgos/manos› delicate; ‹sabor› delicate, subtle; ‹lenguaje/modales› refined

¡qué delicada eres! ¿qué más da si está un poco quemado? you're so fussy! what does it matter if it's a little burned?

B (que requiere cuidados) ‹cerámica/cristal› fragile; ‹tela› delicate

prendas delicadas delicates, delicate garments

una crema para pieles delicadas a cream for sensitive skin

la delicada piel del bebé the baby's delicate skin

¡qué delicado eres! no lo dijo por molestarte don't be so touchy! he didn't mean to upset you

C (refiriéndose a la salud) delicate

está delicado del estómago his stomach's a little delicate

tiene el corazón delicado he has a weak o delicate o bad heart

después de la operación quedó muy delicado he was very frail o weak after his operation

D ‹asunto/cuestión/tema› delicate, sensitive; ‹situación› delicate, tricky

* * *

delicado
◊ -da adjetivo

1 ( fino) ‹rasgos/manos› delicate;
‹ sabor› delicate, subtle;
‹lenguaje/modales› refined
2
a) ( que requiere cuidados) ‹cerámica/cristal› fragile;

‹ tela› delicate;
‹ piel› sensitive
b) ‹salud/estómago› delicate;

‹ corazón› weak
3 ‹asunto/cuestión/tema› delicate, sensitive;
‹ situación› delicate, tricky
4
a) ( melindroso) delicate, fussy

b) ( susceptible) touchy

delicado,-a adjetivo
1 (frágil, primoroso) delicate
una delicada porcelana, a delicate porcelain figure
ese jarrón es muy delicado, that vase is very fragile
2 (enfermizo) delicate: está delicada del corazón, she has a weak heart
3 (exigente) fussy, hard to please: Juan es muy delicado para la comida, Juan is a fussy eater
4 (difícil de tratar) un asunto delicado, a delicate matter
' delicado' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
delicada
- dulce
- exquisita
- exquisito
- primor
- asunto
- embromado
- fregado
- jorobado
- maniático
- melindroso
- remilgón
- tema
English:
dainty
- delicate
- fine
- fragile
- frail
- picky
- sensitive
- slight
- sore
- subject
- subtle
- ticklish
- touch on
- touchy
- tricky
- awkward
- delicacy
- shaky
- subtlety

* * *

delicado, -a adj

1. [aroma, gesto, manos] delicate;

un perfume muy delicado a very delicate perfume

2. [material, objeto] delicate;

piel delicada sensitive o delicate skin;

loción hidratante para pieles delicadas moisturizing lotion for sensitive skin;

detergente para ropa delicada o [m5] prendas delicadas detergent for delicates

3. [asunto, situación] delicate, tricky;

una situación delicada a delicate o tricky situation

4. [persona] [débil, enfermizo] weak, delicate;

su estado (de salud) es delicado his condition is delicate;

estar delicado de salud to have delicate health;

estar delicado del corazón to have a weak heart

5. [persona] [sensible] sensitive

6. [educado] [persona] polite;
[lenguaje, modales] refined
7. [persona] [tiquismiquis] fussy, choosy, picky;

es demasiado delicado para ir de camping he likes his creature comforts too much to go camping;

¡no seas delicado, hay que comérselo todo! don't be so picky, you've got to eat all of it!

* * *

delicado

adj delicate

* * *

delicado, -da adj

1) : delicate, fine

2) : sensitive, frail

3) : difficult, tricky

4) : fussy, hard to please

5) : tactful, considerate

* * *

delicado adj delicate

la seda es un tejido muy delicado silk is a very delicate fabric

una situación delicada a delicate situation

Spanish-English dictionary > delicado
17 elegante

adj.

1 elegant, smart (persona, ropa).

estás muy elegante con ese vestido you look really smart in that dress

ponte elegante, vamos a una boda make yourself smart, we're going to a wedding

2 smart, chic (barrio, hotel, fiesta).

3 graceful, elegant (movimiento, porte).

4 gracious (actitud, comportamiento).

fue un gesto poco elegante por su parte it wasn't a very gracious gesture on his part

f. & m.

elegant person.

* * *

elegante

► adjetivo

1 elegant, smart, stylish

* * *

adj.

elegant, smart

* * *

ADJ [gen] elegant; [traje, fiesta, tienda] fashionable, smart; [sociedad] fashionable, elegant; [decoración] tasteful; [frase] elegant, well-turned, polished

* * *

adjetivo

1)

a) <moda/vestido> elegant, smart

iba muy elegante — ( bien vestido) he was very well o very smartly dressed; ( garboso) he looked very elegant

b) <barrio/restaurante/fiesta> smart, fashionable

2) <estilo/frase> elegant, polished; < solución> elegant, neat

* * *

= elegant, glamorous, dashing, genteel, graceful, gracious, chic, polished, stylish, dainty [daintier -comp., daintiest -sup.], gourmet, glam, voguish, dapper, swish.

Ex. A modern comfortable library could look like that in Berlin's Tiergarten, with its opne-air gardens, or resemble Evanston's library with its comfortable chairs and elegant (and, one hopes, safe) fireplaces.

Ex. Service is perhaps not a very glamorous concept, but we are nevertheless a service profession = El servicio quizás no es un concepto muy atractivo, pero no obstante somos una profesión dedicada al servicio.

Ex. Some unfortunate children grow up as readers of James Bond, of dashing thrillers and the blood-and-guts of crude war stories.

Ex. The stereotype of the governess as exemplified in Jane Eyre -- intelligent, restrained, soberly clad -- was the predecessor of the librarian as an occupation in which the women of the period, the 'guardians of morality' could find genteel employment.

Ex. The author who can vary his terminology to maintain the reader's interest is a handicap to the indexer, who is more concerned with the ideas conveyed than with the niceties of a graceful literary style.

Ex. It will be necessary to be gracious when accepting what seem to be peripheral assignments from a company vice president.

Ex. From the chic Princes Square and the monumental St Enoch Centre to the magnificent Buchanan Galleries, shopping is an essential part of the Glasgow experience.

Ex. The consolidation of abstracts into a polished bulletin or list is usually the responsibility of information staff.

Ex. A number of innovative initiatives have resulted in stylish new public libraries.

Ex. They then went to a rather dainty little Italian restaurant where they ate a scrumptious meal and drank a bottle of wine.

Ex. Several hundred fans noshed on gourmet sandwiches, pizza, pasta and fancy chips and dips.

Ex. Ponytails are becoming glam, says the New York Times.

Ex. Wearing a wedding gown from a charity shop is very voguish right now.

Ex. He was looking very dapper in a pinstripe suit and tie, for some reason not sweaty and gross like everyone else.

Ex. The entrance to the hotel is very swish and the rooms although small very well maintained and clean.

----

* de un modo elegante = elegantly.

* poco elegante = inelegant, awkward, dowdy [dowdier -comp., dowdiest -sup.].

* * *

adjetivo

1)

a) <moda/vestido> elegant, smart

iba muy elegante — ( bien vestido) he was very well o very smartly dressed; ( garboso) he looked very elegant

b) <barrio/restaurante/fiesta> smart, fashionable

2) <estilo/frase> elegant, polished; < solución> elegant, neat

* * *

= elegant, glamorous, dashing, genteel, graceful, gracious, chic, polished, stylish, dainty [daintier -comp., daintiest -sup.], gourmet, glam, voguish, dapper, swish.

Ex: A modern comfortable library could look like that in Berlin's Tiergarten, with its opne-air gardens, or resemble Evanston's library with its comfortable chairs and elegant (and, one hopes, safe) fireplaces.

Ex: Service is perhaps not a very glamorous concept, but we are nevertheless a service profession = El servicio quizás no es un concepto muy atractivo, pero no obstante somos una profesión dedicada al servicio.

Ex: Some unfortunate children grow up as readers of James Bond, of dashing thrillers and the blood-and-guts of crude war stories.

Ex: The stereotype of the governess as exemplified in Jane Eyre -- intelligent, restrained, soberly clad -- was the predecessor of the librarian as an occupation in which the women of the period, the 'guardians of morality' could find genteel employment.

Ex: The author who can vary his terminology to maintain the reader's interest is a handicap to the indexer, who is more concerned with the ideas conveyed than with the niceties of a graceful literary style.

Ex: It will be necessary to be gracious when accepting what seem to be peripheral assignments from a company vice president.

Ex: From the chic Princes Square and the monumental St Enoch Centre to the magnificent Buchanan Galleries, shopping is an essential part of the Glasgow experience.

Ex: The consolidation of abstracts into a polished bulletin or list is usually the responsibility of information staff.

Ex: A number of innovative initiatives have resulted in stylish new public libraries.

Ex: They then went to a rather dainty little Italian restaurant where they ate a scrumptious meal and drank a bottle of wine.

Ex: Several hundred fans noshed on gourmet sandwiches, pizza, pasta and fancy chips and dips.

Ex: Ponytails are becoming glam, says the New York Times.

Ex: Wearing a wedding gown from a charity shop is very voguish right now.

Ex: He was looking very dapper in a pinstripe suit and tie, for some reason not sweaty and gross like everyone else.

Ex: The entrance to the hotel is very swish and the rooms although small very well maintained and clean.

* de un modo elegante = elegantly.

* poco elegante = inelegant, awkward, dowdy [dowdier -comp., dowdiest -sup.].

* * *

elegante

adjective

A

1 ‹moda/vestido› elegant, stylish, smart

iba muy elegante (bien vestido) he was very well o very smartly dressed; (garboso, grácil) he was very stylishly o elegantly dressed, he looked very elegant

¡qué elegante te has puesto! ( fam); you look smart!

los elegantes jardines de la casa the elegantly o beautifully laid out gardens of the house

2 ‹barrio/restaurante/fiesta› smart, fashionable, chic

B

1 ‹estilo› elegant, polished

una frase muy elegante a very elegant o a well-turned phrase

2 (generoso) ‹gesto/actitud› generous, handsome

3 ‹solución› elegant, neat

* * *

elegante adjetivo
1
a) ‹moda/vestido› elegant, smart;

◊ iba muy elegante he was very well o very smartly dressed

b) ‹barrio/restaurante/fiesta› smart

2 ‹estilo/frase› elegant, polished
elegante adjetivo elegant
' elegante' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
arreglar
- arreglada
- arreglado
- arreglarse
- bonita
- bonito
- sobria
- sobrio
- vestir
- vestirse
- gagá
- pituco
English:
avail
- chic
- classy
- dashing
- dowdy
- dressy
- elegant
- fashionable
- fine
- graceful
- gracious
- ladylike
- posh
- ritzy
- sleek
- smart
- snappy
- snazzy
- swish
- unfashionable
- awkward
- debonair
- do
- dress
- show
- sprawl
- stylish
- suave
- trim

* * *

elegante adj

1. [en vestimenta] [persona] elegant, smart;
[ropa, calzado] smart, elegant;
estás muy elegante con ese vestido you look really smart in that dress;

ir elegante to be dressed smartly;

¡qué elegante vas! you look smart!;

ponte elegante, vamos a una boda make yourself smart, we're going to a wedding;

es elegante en el vestir he dresses elegantly o smartly

2. [lujoso] [barrio, hotel, fiesta] smart, chic;

los elegantes bulevares parisinos the elegant boulevards of Paris

3. [en garbo, porte] graceful, elegant

4. [en actitud, comportamiento] gracious;

fue un gesto poco elegante por su parte it wasn't a very gracious gesture on his part

5. [estilo, frase] elegant

* * *

elegante

adj elegant, stylish

* * *

elegante adj

: elegant, smart

♦ elegantemente adv

* * *

elegante adj

1. (persona, vestido) elegant

2. (lugar) smart

Spanish-English dictionary > elegante
18 gorra

f.

(peaked) cap.

de gorra (informal) for free (peninsular Spanish, Mexican Spanish)

vivir de gorra (informal) to scrounge (peninsular Spanish, Mexican Spanish)

gorra de plato peaked cap

gorra de visera (of officer) baseball cap

* * *

gorra

► nombre femenino

1 (gen) cap

2 (con visera) peaked cap

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

de gorra familiar free, for nothing

gorra con orejeras cap with earflaps

* * *

noun f.

1) bonnet

2) cap

* * *

1. SF

1) [para la cabeza] [gen] cap; [de bebé] bonnet; (Mil) bearskin, busby

- pasar la gorra

- pegar la gorra

gorra de baño — Méx, Arg, Uru bathing cap, swimming cap

gorra de montar — riding hat

gorra de paño — cloth cap

gorra de punto — knitted cap

gorra de visera — peaked cap

gorra de yate — yachting cap

2)

de gorra * —

una comida de gorra — a free meal

andar o ir o vivir de gorra — to sponge *, scrounge *

comer de gorra — to scrounge a meal *

entrar de gorra — to get in free

sacar algo de gorra — to scrounge sth *

me vino de gorra — CAm * it was a stroke of luck, it came out of the blue

2.

SMF * (=gorrón) sponger *, cadger *, parasite

* * *

femenino cap; ( con visera) peaked cap; ( de bebé) bonnet

de gorra — (fam) <vivir/comer> gratis, for free

pasar la gorra — (fam) to pass the hat (around)

* * *

= bonnet, cap, beret.

Ex. Costumes from the museum's collections include women's dresses and their intricate accoutrements, bonnets and shoes; men's suits and waistcoats; and children's clothes.

Ex. German, Scandinavian, and probably Italian presses, on the other hand, had no cap, and the head was adjusted by the insertion of packing both above and below the head tenons.

Ex. The restaurant has a well-uniformed security guard, with military-style chevrons on the shoulders and a beret on his head.

----

* gorra de béisbol = baseball cap.

* * *

femenino cap; ( con visera) peaked cap; ( de bebé) bonnet

de gorra — (fam) <vivir/comer> gratis, for free

pasar la gorra — (fam) to pass the hat (around)

* * *

= bonnet, cap, beret.

Ex: Costumes from the museum's collections include women's dresses and their intricate accoutrements, bonnets and shoes; men's suits and waistcoats; and children's clothes.

Ex: German, Scandinavian, and probably Italian presses, on the other hand, had no cap, and the head was adjusted by the insertion of packing both above and below the head tenons.

Ex: The restaurant has a well-uniformed security guard, with military-style chevrons on the shoulders and a beret on his head.

* gorra de béisbol = baseball cap.

* * *

gorra

feminine

cap

gorra con visera peaked cap

le puso la gorrita al bebé she put the baby's bonnet on

de gorra ( fam); ‹vivir/comer› gratis, for free

con la gorra ( fam); easily

pasar la gorra ( fam); to pass the hat (around)

Compuestos:

● gorra de baño

(CS, Méx) (para nadar) bathing cap; (para ducharse) shower cap

● gorra de marinero

sailor's hat

● gorra de vasco

( RPl) beret

* * *

gorra sustantivo femenino
cap;
( con visera) peaked cap;
( de bebé) bonnet
gorra f (con visera) (peaked) cap
♦ Locuciones: familiar con la gorra, easily, effortlessly
de gorra, free
' gorra' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
calarse
- encasquetar
- visera
- montera
English:
cap
- hand
- head
- peak
- swimming

* * *

gorra nf

(peaked) cap;

Comp
Esp, Méx Fam
de gorra for free;

vivir de gorra to sponge, to scrounge;

Comp
Esp Fam
con la gorra easily, no problem

Comp
Am gorra de baño [para piscina] swimming cap, bathing cap; [para ducha] shower cap;
gorra de plato peaked cap [of officer];

gorra de visera baseball cap

* * *

gorra

f cap;

de gorra fam for free fam ;

vivir de gorra scrounge fam

* * *

gorra nf

1) : bonnet

2) : cap

3)

de gorra fam : for free, at someone else's expense

vivir de gorra: to sponge, to freeload

* * *

gorra n cap

de gorra for free

Spanish-English dictionary > gorra
19 hacer fortuna

(v.) = make + Posesivo + fortune, make + a fortune, strike + it rich, strike + gold, hit + the jackpot

Ex. Trading for cash, not credit, Lackington relied on the size of his turnover to make his fortune.

Ex. Lester J. V. Halvorsen, a Swedish immigrant who made a fortune in lumber, built the mansion for his Italian bride.

Ex. 'Stagecoach robberies', 'shoot-outs', ' striking it rich' these are all typical events associated to the Wild West when men and women from the East went to California searching for gold.

Ex. That was a Gold Rush term: the money a miner needed for grub until he struck gold.

Ex. Many gamblers dream about the day that they will hit the jackpot.

* * *

(v.) = make + Posesivo + fortune, make + a fortune, strike + it rich, strike + gold, hit + the jackpot

Ex: Trading for cash, not credit, Lackington relied on the size of his turnover to make his fortune.

Ex: Lester J. V. Halvorsen, a Swedish immigrant who made a fortune in lumber, built the mansion for his Italian bride.

Ex: 'Stagecoach robberies', 'shoot-outs', ' striking it rich' these are all typical events associated to the Wild West when men and women from the East went to California searching for gold.

Ex: That was a Gold Rush term: the money a miner needed for grub until he struck gold.

Ex: Many gamblers dream about the day that they will hit the jackpot.

Spanish-English dictionary > hacer fortuna
20 sombrero

m.

1 hat (item of clothing).

pasar el sombrero (figurative) to pass round the hat

quitarse el sombrero (ante) (figurative) to take one's hat off (to)

sombrero de copa top hat

sombrero hongo bowler hat (British), derby (United States)

2 cap.

* * *

sombrero

► nombre masculino

1 (prenda) hat

2 (de hongo) cap

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

quitarse el sombrero to take one's hat off

sin sombrero hatless, bareheaded

sombrero canotier boater, straw hat

sombrero cordobés wide-brimmed Andalusian hat

sombrero de copa top hat

sombrero de jipijapa Panama hat

sombrero de teja / sombrero de canal priest's hat

sombrero hongo bowler hat

* * *

noun m.

hat

* * *

SM

1) (=gorro) hat

- quitarse el sombrero ante algo

sombrero apuntado — cocked hat

sombrero de ala ancha — wide-brimmed hat, broad-brimmed hat

sombrero de copa — top hat

sombrero de jipijapa — Panama hat

sombrero de paja — straw hat

sombrero de pelo — LAm top hat

sombrero de tres picos — cocked hat, three-cornered hat

sombrero flexible — soft hat, trilby, fedora (EEUU)

sombrero gacho — slouch hat

sombrero hongo — bowler, bowler hat, derby (EEUU)

sombrero safari — safari hat

sombrero tejano — stetson, ten-gallon hat

2) (Bot) cap

* * *

masculino hat

entró sin sombrero — he came in bareheaded o without a hat

hay que sacarle el sombrero — (CS) I take my hat off to him/her

pasar el sombrero — to pass the hat around

quitarse el sombrero — ( para saludar) to raise one's hat; ( en señal de admiración)

me quito el sombrero — I take my hat off to her/him

- sombrero de copa

- sombrero de jipijapa

- sombrero de tres picos

- sombrero hongo

- sombrero jarano

* * *

= hat, cap, bonnet.

Ex. He was astonished 'to see a great reading-room filled in the evening by readers all with their hats on'.

Ex. German, Scandinavian, and probably Italian presses, on the other hand, had no cap, and the head was adjusted by the insertion of packing both above and below the head tenons.

Ex. Costumes from the museum's collections include women's dresses and their intricate accoutrements, bonnets and shoes; men's suits and waistcoats; and children's clothes.

----

* quitarse el sombrero ante = hats off to + Nombre, take + Posesivo + hat off to.

* sombrero de alas anchas = broad-brimmed hat.

* sombrero de fieltro = felt hat.

* sombrero de paja = straw hat.

* sombreros de señora = millinery.

* tener + que quitarse el sombrero = have to hand it to + Nombre.

* * *

masculino hat

entró sin sombrero — he came in bareheaded o without a hat

hay que sacarle el sombrero — (CS) I take my hat off to him/her

pasar el sombrero — to pass the hat around

quitarse el sombrero — ( para saludar) to raise one's hat; ( en señal de admiración)

me quito el sombrero — I take my hat off to her/him

- sombrero de copa

- sombrero de jipijapa

- sombrero de tres picos

- sombrero hongo

- sombrero jarano

* * *

= hat, cap, bonnet.

Ex: He was astonished 'to see a great reading-room filled in the evening by readers all with their hats on'.

Ex: German, Scandinavian, and probably Italian presses, on the other hand, had no cap, and the head was adjusted by the insertion of packing both above and below the head tenons.

Ex: Costumes from the museum's collections include women's dresses and their intricate accoutrements, bonnets and shoes; men's suits and waistcoats; and children's clothes.

* quitarse el sombrero ante = hats off to + Nombre, take + Posesivo + hat off to.

* sombrero de alas anchas = broad-brimmed hat.

* sombrero de fieltro = felt hat.

* sombrero de paja = straw hat.

* sombreros de señora = millinery.

* tener + que quitarse el sombrero = have to hand it to + Nombre.

* * *

sombrero

masculine

hat

entró sin sombrero he came in bareheaded o without a hat

cuando acaban el espectáculo pasan el sombrero at the end of the show they pass the hat around

hay que sacarle el sombrero (CS); I take my hat off to him/her

quitarse or sacarse el sombrero (para saludar) to raise one's hat, to doff one's cap ( dated)

(en señal de admiración): me quito el sombrero I take my hat off to her/him

vertirse con sombrero ajeno ( Méx fam); to claim credit for sb else's achievements

Compuestos:

● sombrero canotier

/kanoˈtje(r)/ boater, straw hat

● sombrero cordobés

wide-brimmed hat worn in Andalusia

● sombrero de cogollo

1 ( Bot) pileus, cap

2 ( Indum) straw hat

● sombrero de copa

top hat

● sombrero de jipijapa

Panama hat, panama

● sombrero de tres picos

three-cornered hat, cocked hat

● sombrero hongo

derby ( AmE), bowler hat ( BrE), bowler ( BrE)

● sombrero jarano

Mexican sombrero

● sombrero nuclear

nuclear umbrella

* * *

sombrero sustantivo masculino
hat;
◊ sombrero de copa top hat;

sombrero de jipijapa Panama (hat);
sombrero hongo derby (AmE), bowler (hat) (BrE);
sombrero jarano Mexican sombrero
sombrero sustantivo masculino hat
sombrero de copa, top hat
sombrero hongo, bowler hat
♦ Locuciones: quitarse el sombrero ante algo/alguien, to take one's hat off to sthg/sb

' sombrero' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
absurda
- absurdo
- ala
- calarse
- desperdicio
- distinguirse
- encasquetar
- espantosa
- espantoso
- favorecer
- fragor
- hongo
- moda
- panamá
- ponerse
- quitarse
- rara
- raro
- volarse
- adornar
- andar
- aparatoso
- color
- copa
- cubilete
- cubrir
- el
- galera
- hallulla
- ladeado
- paja
- poner
- traer
- volar
English:
blow off
- bowler
- brim
- crown
- derby
- don
- gust
- hat
- mock
- on
- raise
- rotten
- stay on
- straw hat
- why
- angle
- blow
- bonnet
- her
- herself
- himself
- -less
- my
- top

* * *

sombrero nm

1. [prenda] hat;

llevar o [m5] usar sombrero to wear a hat;

Comp

pasar el sombrero to pass round the hat;

Comp

quitarse el sombrero (ante alguien) to take one's hat off (to sb)

Comp
sombrero de ala ancha wide-brimmed hat, broad-brimmed hat; Am sombrero alón wide-brimmed hat, broad-brimmed hat;
sombrero canotier straw hat, boater;

sombrero de copa top hat;

sombrero cordobés Spanish hat;

sombrero de fieltro felt hat;

sombrero hongo Br bowler hat, US derby;

sombrero jarano sombrero;

sombrero de paja straw hat;

sombrero de palma palm leaf hat;

sombrero de teja shovel hat;

sombrero de tres picos three-cornered hat

2. [de seta] cap

* * *

sombrero

m hat;

quitarse el sombrero ante alguien/algo fig take one’s hat off to s.o./sth

* * *

sombrero nm

1) : hat

2)

sin sombrero : bareheaded

3)

sombrero hongo : derby

* * *

sombrero n hat

Spanish-English dictionary > sombrero

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